Oracle 灾难恢复以及11g新特性恢复指导

实验： 数据库灾难恢复（数据文件、控制文件、参数文件、归档文件等丢失）

法一：利用冷备

法二：RMAN恢复及11g新特性(list/advise/repair failure,create spfile from memory)

1.配置catalog数据库

1）catalog目录库：创建大文件表空间、用户、授权

create  bigfile tablespace rc_data datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/rc_data.dbf' size 20m;

create user rc_admin identified by oracle default tablespace rc_data;

grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rc_admin;

2）创建catalog库
RMAN> rman catalog rc_admin/oracle@ORCL

RMAN> create catalog;

3）注册catalog库（在target库中）

RMAN> rman target / catalog rc_admin/oracle@ORCL

RMAN>register database;

4）配置target数据库

RMAN> rman target / catalog rc_admin/oracle@ORCL

RMAN>configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;
      --修改保留策略

RMAN>configure controlfile autobackup on;
      --打开控制文件自动备份

RMAN>configure device type disk parallelism  4;
      --开启并行备份，行度设置为4

2.备份target数据库

当所有文件丢失时，使用RMAN，应连接catalog库（catalog库中含有控制文件等）

[oracle@jibo admin]$ rman target / catalog rc_admin/oracle@ORCL

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Oct 16 10:19:55 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=270879665)
connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD.f'; # default

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input;
     --全库备份加上归档日志文件
   

3.模拟灾难：

1）删除所有数据文件：
SYS@PROD>select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b393xosc_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b393xovt_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_b393xq2d_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_b393xqpm_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_example_b393xp04_.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/tbs_users1.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/tbs_users2.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/pitr.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/pitr_ind.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/arch_tbs.dbf

10 rows selected.

SYS@PROD>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/*.dbf

SYS@PROD>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/arch_tbs.dbf

SYS@PROD>desc v$controlfile;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)
 IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE                              VARCHAR2(3)
 BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER
 FILE_SIZE_BLKS                                     NUMBER

2）删除所有控制文件：
SYS@PROD>select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255k12_.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255kjo_.ctl