Error creating bean with name 'userService' defined in class path resource [beans.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through

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原创 最新推荐文章于 2025-06-12 01:49:46 发布 · 5.1w 阅读 · 2 ·
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本文解析了Spring框架中出现的依赖注入错误，特别是在使用byType自动装配方式时遇到的 UnsatisfiedDependencyException 异常。该异常发生在多个相同类型的Bean存在但仅期望一个的情况下。

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org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userService' defined in class path resource [beans.xml]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through bean property 'userDAO': : No unique bean of type [inspur.democreen.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDAO, userDAO2]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [inspur.democreen.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDAO, userDAO2]
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1091)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:982)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:472)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory$1.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:283)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:164)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:880)
 at inspur.democreen.service.UserServiceTest.testAdd(UserServiceTest.java:13)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
 at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
 at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
 at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
 at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
 at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:76)
 at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
 at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
 at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [inspur.democreen.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: [userDAO, userDAO2]
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:621)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireByType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1076)
 ... 32 more

 

 

在测试用例中，打印出 主动注入的 类中属性值。

spring配置文件如下

<bean name="userDAO" class="inspur.democreen.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
  <property name="daoId" value="1"></property>
 </bean>
 
 <bean name="userDAO2" class="inspur.democreen.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
  <property name="daoId" value="2"></property>
 </bean>
 <bean id="userService" class="inspur.democreen.service.UserService"
  scope="prototype" autowire="byType">
 </bean>

 

 

由于

autowire="byType"

那么userDervice中的type(inspur.democreen.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl)有两个（userDAO，userDAO2）所以报出异常

 

注释一个，byType自动注入 测试用例通过。

 

释：这种自动注入用得较少，一般都不想用这种方式注入。

 

 

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