Java与XML（五）xml的转换之pdf (xml+xsl 2 pdf)

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-23 16:18:49 发布 7k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

fop生成PDF支持中文(xml & xsl) http://oudoud.iteye.com/blog/1755054 本例可将xml格式数据按xsl模板转化为PDF 1.首先，程序结构如下： 2.FopReport.java Java代码 // Step 1: Construct a FopFactory private static final FopFactory fopFactory = Fo... 阅读详情

做pdf转换是很实用的工作。已然存在的的转换工具就有很多，其中包括一些成熟的商业软件。而作为java程序开发，我们将借助一个叫FOP的开源工具。

在开始转换之前，我们不得不认识先一下FOP并对它的使用做简单的了解。

FOP (Formatting Objects Processor) 是第一个基于XSL:FO的打印格式处理器，也是第一个与输出无关的格式处理器。它是一个Java程序，能够从对象树中读入然后生成渲染过的页面输出到指定的流。目前支持的输出格式有PDF,PCL,PS,SVG,XML(以树形结构表示),打印机,AWT,MIF和TXT。最主要的输出指的是PDF。
James Tauber － FOP 的最初作者。他开发了该工具的原始版本，而且很大方地开放了该代码，后来又将它移交给 Apache XML Project。（他还给该工具选了一个极好的名称；除了该名称是字首组合词之外，Webster 对 fop 的定义是“过分讲究外表的人”。）现在 James 是 Bowstreet 的首席 XML 设计师。Apache XML项目以开放与合作的方式开发的，提供商业品质的基于XML标准的解决方案。从标准的实施角度看，它能给标准机构（比如IETF和W 3C ）提供反馈信息。
FOP主页 http://xml.apache.org/fop/

FOP使用方式

FOP有3种使用方式，分别为命令行，程序嵌入，XT 嵌入。这里将主要介绍如何在程序中嵌入FOP功能。将XML文件转换为PDF实际上分为2步，第1步是利用XSLT将XML转换为XSL-FO，第2步是将XSL-FO转换为PDF。这里只讲述如何进行第2步的转换编程。

下载fop包后，你需要在CLASSPATH中添加下述jar文件：

{FOP安装目录}/build/fop.jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/batik.jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/xalan- 2.0.0 .jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/xerces- 1.2.3 .jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/avalon-framework-4.0.jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/logkit-1.0b4.jar

{FOP安装目录}/lib/jimi-1.0.jar

我是使用Eclipse，只需要在工程属性->构建路径中加入他们，就可以使用这个伟大的工具了。

下面是具体的程序：

这是一个xml文件 test.xml：
<FeatureSRS title="SRS">

<objective>objective here</objective>

<scope>scope here</scope>

<responsibilities>responsibilities here</responsibilities>

<references>reference here</references>

<DAA>

<term>

term here

</term>

definition here

</definition>

</DAA>

</introduction>

<summary>summary here</summary>

<breakdown>breakdown here</breakdown>

</featureName>

content here.

</content>

</requirement>

content2 here.

</content>

</requirement>

<featureInteractions>featureInteractions here</featureInteractions>

</generalDescription>

estring here

</estring>

resourceid here

</resourceid>

<rqmt>

rqmt here.

</rqmt>

</strResource>

</strResources>

</FeatureSRS>

这是它的xsl文件 test.xsl：

<xsl:stylesheet version="1.1" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" exclude-result-prefixes="fo">

<xsl:output method="xml" version="1.0" omit-xml-declaration="no" indent="yes"/>

<xsl:template match="FeatureSRS">

<fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">

<fo:layout-master-set>

<fo:simple-page-master master-name="simpleA4" page-height=" 29.7cm " page-width=" 21cm " margin-top=" 2cm " margin-bottom=" 2cm " margin-left=" 2cm " margin-right=" 2cm ">

<fo:region-body/>

</fo:simple-page-master>

</fo:layout-master-set>

<fo:page-sequence master-reference="simpleA4">

<fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">

<fo:block font-size=" 20pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " text-align="center">Cardiac Feature SRS

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt ">

<xsl:apply-templates/>

</fo:block>

</fo:flow>

</fo:page-sequence>

</fo:root>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name="introduction" match="introduction">

<fo:block font-size=" 18pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm ">1. Intruction</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">1.1 Objective</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="objective"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">1.2 Scope</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="scope"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">1.3. Responsibilities</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="responsibilities"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">1.4. References</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="references"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">1.5. Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">

<fo:table table-layout="fixed" border=" 2cm " background-color="#fff2d9" >

<fo:table-column column-width=" 4cm "/>

<fo:table-column column-width=" 6cm "/>

<fo:table-body>

<fo:table-row border="2">

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:text>Term</xsl:text>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:text>Definition</xsl:text>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

</fo:table-row>

<xsl:for-each select="DAA">

<fo:table-row border="2">

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:value-of select="term"/>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:value-of select="definition"/>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

</fo:table-row>

</xsl:for-each>

</fo:table-body>

</fo:table>

</fo:block>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name="generalDescription" match="generalDescription">

<fo:block font-size=" 18pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm ">2. General Description</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">2.1. Feature Name</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm "> 2.1.1 . Feature Summary</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 9mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="featureName/summary"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm "> 2.1.2 . Feature Breakdown</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 9mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="featureName/breakdown"/>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">2.2. Feature Requirements</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:for-each select="requirement">

<xsl:value-of select="content"/>

</xsl:for-each>

</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 14pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">2.3. Feature Interactions</fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="normal" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 7mm ">

<xsl:value-of select="featureInteractions"/>

</fo:block>

</xsl:template>

<xsl:template name="strResources" match="strResources">

<fo:block font-size=" 18pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm ">3. String Resources </fo:block>

<fo:block font-size=" 10pt " font-weight="bold" space-after=" 5mm " margin-left=" 5mm ">

<fo:table table-layout="fixed" border=" 2cm " background-color="#fff2d9" >

<fo:table-column column-width=" 4cm "/>

<fo:table-column column-width=" 10cm "/>

<fo:table-column column-width=" 4cm "/>

<fo:table-body>

<fo:table-row border="2">

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:text>English String</xsl:text>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:text>Resource ID</xsl:text>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:text>Rqmt</xsl:text>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

</fo:table-row>

<xsl:for-each select="strResource">

<fo:table-row border="2">

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:value-of select="estring"/>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:value-of select="resourceid"/>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

<fo:table-cell>

<fo:block>

<xsl:value-of select="rqmt"/>

</fo:block>

</fo:table-cell>

</fo:table-row>

</xsl:for-each>

</fo:table-body>

</fo:table>

</fo:block>

</xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

注意，以上文件不要加：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 这句。

转换的java代码 ExampleXML2PDF.java：

package src;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import javax.xml.transform.Result;

import javax.xml.transform.Source;

import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;

import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;

import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;

import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXResult;

import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;

import org.apache.avalon.framework.ExceptionUtil;

import org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.ConsoleLogger;

import org.apache.fop.apps.Driver;

import org.apache.fop.messaging.MessageHandler;

public class ExampleXML2PDF{

public void convertXML2PDF(File xml, File xslt, File pdf)

throws TransformerException, IOException {

Driver driver = new Driver();

ConsoleLogger logger = new ConsoleLogger(ConsoleLogger.LEVEL_INFO);

driver.setLogger((org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.Logger) logger);

MessageHandler.setScreenLogger((org.apache.avalon.framework.logger.Logger) logger);

//Setup Renderer (output format)

driver.setRenderer(Driver.RENDER_PDF);

//Setup output

OutputStream out = new java.io.FileOutputStream(pdf);

try {

driver.setOutputStream(out);

//Setup XSLT

TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer(new StreamSource(xslt));

//Setup input for XSLT transformation

Source src = new StreamSource(xml);

//Resulting SAX events (the generated FO) must be piped through to FOP

Result res = new SAXResult(driver.getContentHandler());

//Start XSLT transformation and FOP processing

transformer.transform(src, res);

} finally {

out.close();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

System.out.println("FOP ExampleXML2PDF/n");

System.out.println("Preparing...");

//Setup directories

File baseDir = new File(".");

File outDir = new File(baseDir, "out");

outDir.mkdirs();

File xmlfile = new File("f://tomcat5//webapps//myxml//xmldata//test.xml");

File xsltfile = new File("f://tomcat5//webapps//myxml//xmldata//test.xsl");

File pdffile = new File("f://tomcat5//webapps//myxml//xmldata//test.pdf");

System.out.println("Input: XML (" + xmlfile + ")");

System.out.println("Stylesheet: " + xsltfile);

System.out.println("Output: PDF (" + pdffile + ")");

System.out.println();

System.out.println("Transforming...");

ExampleXML2PDF app = new ExampleXML2PDF();

app.convertXML2PDF(xmlfile, xsltfile, pdffile);

System.out.println("Success!");

} catch (Exception e) {

System.err.println(ExceptionUtil.printStackTrace(e));

System.exit(-1);

}

编译执行即可。

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标签

#xml #xsl #java #import #stylesheet

12、将 XML 转换为 PDF 本文详细介绍了如何使用 Apache FOP 将 XML 文档转换为 PDF 格式。内容包括软件安装、Eclipse 项目设置、XML 到 XSL-FO 的转换、PDF 文档的生成以及完整的示例代码。适合需要实现文档自动化生成的开发者参考。阅读详情

Java与XML（五）xml的转换之pdf (xml+xsl 2 pdf)

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