用Properties文件配Hibernate

本文介绍如何配置hibernate.properties文件并利用Java实现与Oracle数据库的交互,通过加载对象、修改属性及提交事务来演示数据操作过程。

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根目录下的hibernate.properties

hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
current_session_context_class=thread
hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:localhost:1521:orcl
hibernate.connection.username=sj
hibernate.connection.password=123456
hibernate.connection.driver_class=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
show_sql=true
hbm2ddl.auto=update
hibernate.connection.pool_size=1
cache.provider_class=org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider

测试的Java类

package configuration;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

import hibernate.Person;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class ConfigurationTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {		
		try {
			Properties properties = new Properties();
			File file = new File("E:/Workspace/hhh/src/hibernate.properties");
			FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(file);	
			properties.load(stream);
			Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
			.addClass(hibernate.DocumentType.class)
			.addClass(hibernate.Person.class)
			.setProperties(properties);
			SessionFactory sessions = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
			Session session = sessions.openSession();
			session.beginTransaction();		
			Person person = (Person)session.load(Person.class, new Long(1));
			person.getEmails().add("wow@sina.com");
			session.getTransaction().commit();
			session.close();
			System.out.println("结束");
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}



hibernate.properties # # Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java # # License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later. # See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or . # ###################### ### Query Language ### ###################### ## define query language constants / function names hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N' ## select the classic query parser #hibernate.query.factory_class org.hibernate.hql.internal.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory ################# ### Platforms ### ################# ## JNDI Datasource #hibernate.connection.datasource jdbc/test #hibernate.connection.username db2 #hibernate.connection.password db2 ## HypersonicSQL hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect hibernate.connection.driver_class org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver hibernate.connection.username sa hibernate.connection.password hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:./build/db/hsqldb/hibernate #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:hsqldb:test ## H2 (www.h2database.com) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.h2.Driver #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:mem:./build/db/h2/hibernate #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:testdb/h2test #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:mem:imdb1 #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:tcp://dbserv:8084/sample; #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:ssl://secureserv:8085/sample; #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:h2:ssl://secureserv/testdb;cipher=AES ## MySQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test #hibernate.connection.username gavin #hibernate.connection.password ## Oracle #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle8iDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver #hibernate.connection.username ora #hibernate.connection.password ora #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1522:XE ## PostgreSQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.postgresql.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:postgresql:template1 #hibernate.connection.username pg #hibernate.connection.password ## DB2 #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://localhost:50000/somename #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2:somename #hibernate.connection.username db2 #hibernate.connection.password db2 ## TimesTen #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.TimesTenDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.timesten.jdbc.TimesTenDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:timesten:direct:test #hibernate.connection.username #hibernate.connection.password ## DB2/400 #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Native driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.app.DB2Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:db2://systemname ## Toolbox driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ibm.as400.access.AS400JDBCDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:as400://systemname ## Derby (not supported!) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver #hibernate.connection.username #hibernate.connection.password #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:derby:build/db/derby/hibernate;create=true ## Sybase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sybase.jdbc2.jdbc.SybDriver #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password sasasa #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sybase:Tds:co3061835-a:5000/tempdb ## Mckoi SQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mckoi.JDBCDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:/// #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mckoi:local://C:/mckoi1.0.3/db.conf #hibernate.connection.username admin #hibernate.connection.password nimda ## SAP DB #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.sap.dbtech.jdbc.DriverSapDB #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sapdb://localhost/TST #hibernate.connection.username TEST #hibernate.connection.password TEST #hibernate.query.substitutions yes 'Y', no 'N' ## MS SQL Server #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect #hibernate.connection.username sa #hibernate.connection.password sa ## JSQL Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.jnetdirect.jsql.JSQLDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JSQLConnect://1E1/test ## JTURBO Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.newatlanta.jturbo.driver.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:JTurbo://1E1:1433/test ## WebLogic Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class weblogic.jdbc.mssqlserver4.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:weblogic:mssqlserver4:1E1:1433 ## Microsoft Driver (not recommended!) #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://1E1;DatabaseName=test;SelectMethod=cursor ## The New Microsoft Driver #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:sqlserver://localhost ## jTDS (since version 0.9) #hibernate.connection.driver_class net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://1E1/test ## Interbase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect #hibernate.connection.username sysdba #hibernate.connection.password masterkey ## DO NOT specify hibernate.connection.sqlDialect ## InterClient #hibernate.connection.driver_class interbase.interclient.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:interbase://localhost:3060/C:/firebird/test.gdb ## Pure Java #hibernate.connection.driver_class org.firebirdsql.jdbc.FBDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:firebirdsql:localhost/3050:/firebird/test.gdb ## Pointbase #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.pointbase.jdbc.jdbcUniversalDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:pointbase:embedded:sample #hibernate.connection.username PBPUBLIC #hibernate.connection.password PBPUBLIC ## Ingres ## older versions (before Ingress 2006) #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class ca.edbc.jdbc.EdbcDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:edbc://localhost:II7/database #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Ingres 2006 or later #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.ingres.jdbc.IngresDriver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:ingres://localhost:II7/database;CURSOR=READONLY;auto=multi #hibernate.connection.username user #hibernate.connection.password password ## Mimer SQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MimerSQLDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mimer.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mimer:multi1 #hibernate.connection.username hibernate #hibernate.connection.password hibernate ## InterSystems Cache #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.Cache71Dialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.intersys.jdbc.CacheDriver #hibernate.connection.username _SYSTEM #hibernate.connection.password SYS #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:Cache://127.0.0.1:1972/HIBERNATE ################################# ### Hibernate Connection Pool ### ################################# hibernate.connection.pool_size 1 ########################### ### C3P0 Connection Pool### ########################### #hibernate.c3p0.max_size 2 #hibernate.c3p0.min_size 2 #hibernate.c3p0.timeout 5000 #hibernate.c3p0.max_statements 100 #hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period 3000 #hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment 2 #hibernate.c3p0.validate false ############################## ### Proxool Connection Pool### ############################## ## Properties for external configuration of Proxool hibernate.proxool.pool_alias pool1 ## Only need one of the following #hibernate.proxool.existing_pool true #hibernate.proxool.xml proxool.xml #hibernate.proxool.properties proxool.properties ################################# ### Plugin ConnectionProvider ### ################################# ## use a custom ConnectionProvider (if not set, Hibernate will choose a built-in ConnectionProvider using hueristics) #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.DatasourceConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider #hibernate.connection.provider_class org.hibernate.connection.ProxoolConnectionProvider ####################### ### Transaction API ### ####################### ## Enable automatic flush during the JTA beforeCompletion() callback ## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API) #hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion ## Enable automatic session close at the end of transaction ## (This setting is relevant with or without the Transaction API) #hibernate.transaction.auto_close_session ## the Transaction API abstracts application code from the underlying JTA or JDBC transactions #hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JTATransactionFactory #hibernate.transaction.factory_class org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory ## to use JTATransactionFactory, Hibernate must be able to locate the UserTransaction in JNDI ## default is java:comp/UserTransaction ## you do NOT need this setting if you specify hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class #jta.UserTransaction jta/usertransaction #jta.UserTransaction javax.transaction.UserTransaction #jta.UserTransaction UserTransaction ## to use the second-level cache with JTA, Hibernate must be able to obtain the JTA TransactionManager #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WeblogicTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.WebSphereTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.OrionTransactionManagerLookup #hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class org.hibernate.transaction.ResinTransactionManagerLookup ############################## ### Miscellaneous Settings ### ############################## ## print all generated SQL to the console #hibernate.show_sql true ## format SQL in log and console hibernate.format_sql true ## add comments to the generated SQL #hibernate.use_sql_comments true ## generate statistics #hibernate.generate_statistics true ## auto schema export #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate ## specify a default schema and catalog for unqualified tablenames #hibernate.default_schema test #hibernate.default_catalog test ## enable ordering of SQL UPDATEs by primary key #hibernate.order_updates true ## set the maximum depth of the outer join fetch tree hibernate.max_fetch_depth 1 ## set the default batch size for batch fetching #hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size 8 ## rollback generated identifier values of deleted entities to default values #hibernate.use_identifier_rollback true ## enable bytecode reflection optimizer (disabled by default) #hibernate.bytecode.use_reflection_optimizer true ##################### ### JDBC Settings ### ##################### ## specify a JDBC isolation level #hibernate.connection.isolation 4 ## enable JDBC autocommit (not recommended!) #hibernate.connection.autocommit true ## set the JDBC fetch size #hibernate.jdbc.fetch_size 25 ## set the maximum JDBC 2 batch size (a nonzero value enables batching) #hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 5 #hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 0 ## enable batch updates even for versioned data hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data true ## enable use of JDBC 2 scrollable ResultSets (specifying a Dialect will cause Hibernate to use a sensible default) #hibernate.jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset true ## use streams when writing binary types to / from JDBC hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary true ## use JDBC 3 PreparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys() to get the identifier of an inserted row #hibernate.jdbc.use_get_generated_keys false ## choose a custom JDBC batcher # hibernate.jdbc.factory_class ## enable JDBC result set column alias caching ## (minor performance enhancement for broken JDBC drivers) # hibernate.jdbc.wrap_result_sets ## choose a custom SQL exception converter #hibernate.jdbc.sql_exception_converter ########################## ### Second-level Cache ### ########################## ## optimize cache for minimal "puts" instead of minimal "gets" (good for clustered cache) #hibernate.cache.use_minimal_puts true ## set a prefix for cache region names hibernate.cache.region_prefix hibernate.test ## disable the second-level cache #hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache false ## enable the query cache #hibernate.cache.use_query_cache true ## store the second-level cache entries in a more human-friendly format #hibernate.cache.use_structured_entries true ## choose a cache implementation #hibernate.cache.region.factory_class org.hibernate.cache.infinispan.InfinispanRegionFactory #hibernate.cache.region.factory_class org.hibernate.cache.infinispan.JndiInfinispanRegionFactory #hibernate.cache.region.factory_class org.hibernate.cache.internal.EhCacheRegionFactory #hibernate.cache.region.factory_class org.hibernate.cache.internal.SingletonEhCacheRegionFactory hibernate.cache.region.factory_class org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCachingRegionFactory ## choose a custom query cache implementation #hibernate.cache.query_cache_factory ############ ### JNDI ### ############ ## specify a JNDI name for the SessionFactory #hibernate.session_factory_name hibernate/session_factory ## Hibernate uses JNDI to bind a name to a SessionFactory and to look up the JTA UserTransaction; ## if hibernate.jndi.* are not specified, Hibernate will use the default InitialContext() which ## is the best approach in an application server #file system #hibernate.jndi.class com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory #hibernate.jndi.url file:/ #WebSphere #hibernate.jndi.class com.ibm.websphere.naming.WsnInitialContextFactory #hibernate.jndi.url iiop://localhost:900/
<think>首先,用户的问题是:“我想设置主文件的方法 请问如何设置主文件”。用户想了解如何设置主文件,可能是在某种上下文中,比如数据库或其他系统。 用户提供了几个引用,这些引用是关于不同系统的主文件: - 引用[1]:关于Hibernate的主文件。 - 引用[2]:关于MyBatis的主文件。 - 引用[3]:关于MySQL主主服务器设置的主文件。 - 引用[4]:关于Redis主文件。 用户说:“上述引用仅供参考,并不是用户真正的需求,请尽可能多的参考用户上一次的问题和你的回答。” 但在这个对话中,这是第一条消息,所以我需要基于当前内容回答。用户没有指定具体系统,所以我应该提供一个通用指南,并参考这些引用来覆盖常见场景。 系统级指令要求: - 使用中文回答。 - 行内数学表达式用$...$格式。 - 独立公式用$$...$$格式并单独成段。 - LaTeX语法正确。 - 生成相关问题。 - 在回答中引用的段落末尾自然地添加引用标识,如[^1]。 用户可见层要求:回答结构清晰,帮助用户逐步解决问题,保证真实可靠。 所以,我需要构建一个结构清晰的回答,解释如何设置主文件,可能包括一般步骤和常见系统的例子。然后生成相关问题。 结构建议: 1. **引言**:解释什么是主文件及其重要性。 2. **一般步骤**:提供设置主文件的通用方法。 3. **具体例子**:基于引用,给出几个常见系统的设置示例(如Hibernate、MyBatis、MySQL、Redis)。 4. **最佳实践**:分享一些文件的通用最佳实践。 5. **相关问题**:生成相关问题。 在回答中,当引用用户提供的引用时,添加引用标识。 用户提供的引用: - [^1]: Hibernate文件。 - [^2]: MyBatis主文件。 - [^3]: MySQL主主服务器设置。 - [^4]: Redis主文件。 我需要自然地融入这些引用。 由于用户没有指定系统,我应该从一般开始,然后分支到具体。 最终回答应该以中文写出。</think>### 如何设置主文件文件是许多软件系统(如数据库、框架或应用服务器)的核心组件,用于定义系统行为、连接参数、安全设置等。正确设置主文件能确保系统高效、稳定地运行。下面我将逐步解释设置主文件的一般方法,并结合常见系统的示例来帮助您理解。整个过程包括准备、编辑和验证三个主要步骤,我会尽量保持结构清晰,并基于可靠的技术实践进行说明。 #### 步骤 1: 准备文件 在开始设置前,需明确文件的位置、格式和内容: - **定位文件**:主文件通常位于软件安装目录的特定子目录中(如`conf`或`etc`)。例如: - Hibernate 的主文件默认在 classpath 下的 `hibernate.cfg.xml`[^1]。 - MyBatis 的主文件可能包含在项目资源目录中,支持通过属性文件传递参数[^2]。 - **理解格式**:文件常用格式包括 XML、YAML、INI 或 Properties。确保您了解所选格式的语法规则(如 XML 的标签闭合)。如果文件不存在,可以创建新文件或复制模板文件。 - **备份原始文件**:在修改前,始终备份原始文件,以防错误导致系统崩溃。例如: ```bash cp /path/to/config.conf /path/to/config.conf.bak ``` #### 步骤 2: 编辑文件 使用文本编辑器(如 Vim、VS Code)编辑文件,关键是根据需求调整参数: - **设置核心参数**:包括数据库连接、服务器标识、日志级别等。参数通常以键值对形式出现。例如: - 在 MySQL 主主置中,需设置 `server-id` 和复制规则,确保服务器间数据同步[^3]。 - Redis 主文件定义了 `daemonize`(后台运行)、`port`(监听端口)和 `save`(快照频率)等参数[^4]。 - **添加自定义属性**:许多系统支持外部属性文件引用。例如,MyBatis 允许通过 `<properties>` 元素加载外部属性文件[^2]: ```xml <properties resource="database.properties"> <property name="username" value="custom_user" /> </properties> ``` - **验证语法**:编辑后,使用工具(如 XML 验证器)检查语法错误。例如,Hibernate 文件必须符合 XML Schema,否则启动时会报错[^1]。 #### 步骤 3: 验证和应用置 修改后,需重启服务并测试置是否生效: - **重启服务**:通过命令行重启相关服务。例如: - 对于 MySQL:`sudo systemctl restart mysql` - 对于 Redis:`redis-server /path/to/redis.conf`(需指定文件路径)[^4]。 - **测试功能**:运行简单测试用例验证置。例如: - 在 Hibernate 中,尝试连接数据库并执行查询[^1]。 - 在 Redis 中,使用 `redis-cli ping` 检查服务是否响应[^4]。 - **监控日志**:查看系统日志文件(如 Redis 的 `redis.log`[^4])以捕获错误或警告信息。这有助于调试置问题。 #### 常见系统置示例 基于您提供的引用,以下是几个流行系统的具体设置要点: - **Hibernate**:主文件 `hibernate.cfg.xml` 通常包含数据库驱动、URL、用户名和方言设置。例如,MySQL 连接需指定 `useUnicode=true` 来支持中文[^1]。 - **MyBatis**:文件支持从外部属性文件加载参数,如数据库凭据,这提高了灵活性[^2]。 - **MySQL 主主复制**:在 `my.cnf` 中设置 `server-id` 和复制规则,确保双向数据同步(如主机 A 和 B 的 `server-id` 必须唯一)[^3]。 - **Redis**:主文件 `redis.conf` 控制后台运行、端口和持久化策略(如 `save 900 1` 表示 900 秒内至少 1 次写操作时保存快照)[^4]。 #### 最佳实践建议 - **安全性**:避免在文件中硬编码敏感信息(如密码),使用环境变量或加密存储。 - **版本控制**:将文件纳入 Git 等版本控制系统,便于追踪变更。 - **性能优化**:根据系统负载调整参数(如 Redis 的 `save` 规则[^4]),避免过度资源消耗。 - **文档参考**:始终查阅官方文档(如 Hibernate 或 MyBatis 官网)获取最新置选项。 设置主文件是一个迭代过程:从基础设置开始,逐步测试和优化。如果您指定具体系统(如 Hibernate 或 Redis),我可以提供更针对性的指导!
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