The Oracle PL/SQL LEVEL Keyword

decaizhang

于 2011-05-05 16:01:00 发布

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分类专栏： SQL 文章标签： oracle hierarchy query generator structure manager

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本文介绍了Oracle PL/SQL中LEVEL伪列的概念及用法。LEVEL用于标识层级查询中的层级编号，对于根节点返回1，子节点依次递增。文章通过员工管理示例展示了如何使用LEVEL进行层级查询，并演示了其作为行生成器的功能。

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Term: LEVEL

Definition:
In Oracle PL/SQL, the term LEVEL refers to a pseudo column in Oracle which is used in a hierarchical query to identify the hierarchy level in numeric format. For each row returned by a hierarchical query, the LEVEL pseudocolumn returns 1 for a root row, 2 for a child of a root, and so on. In a tree-like structure, the lowest level is the root (LEVEL=1) and it progresses in unit incremental ratio.

Note that LEVEL must be used in the CONNECT_BY queries.

Example Usage:

The SELECT query below lists employees reporting to a Manager:
   SELECT EMPNO, MGR_ID, LEVEL
   FROM EMPLOYEES E
   START WITH MGR_ID = NULL
   CONNECT BY PRIOR EMPNO = MGR_ID;

It can also be used as 'n' row generator using recursive hierarchy. The query below generates 50 sequence numbers.
   SELECT LEVEL SEQ
   FROM DUAL
   CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 50;