[FJOI2007]轮状病毒

本文解析了洛谷P2144、BZOJ1002、codevs2886题目,即计算特定图结构的生成树数量问题。通过观察斐波那契数列模式,提出了一种高效的算法解决方案,并提供了C++实现代码。

题目:洛谷P2144、BZOJ1002、codevs2886。

题目大意:给你n+1($n\le 100$)个节点,除第一个节点外的所有节点围绕第一个节点排列成环装。中间的节点和所有节点都能连边,环上相邻两个节点也能连边。问该图生成树的数量(即有多少种不同方法能用n条边连接所有节点)。

以下是n=3时的16种方案。

解题思路:此题n小于等于100,但是无法迅速找到能求出解的方法。

此类题目通常都有规律。

我们发现,当n=1、2、3、4、5时,答案分别为1、5、16、45、121,即$1^2$,$3^2-4$,$4^2$,$7^2-4$,$11^2$。

不考虑减4的情况,观察底数,是不是斐波那契数列的形态?

那么我们递推出该斐波那契数列,然后求出第n项的平方。

然后发现,n为偶数时需要减去4,那么减去4即可。

这就是此题的规律。

结果非常大,要用高精度。

C++ Code:

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
struct bg{
	ll a[700];
	int len;
}f[101];
void add(ll a[],int lena,ll b[],int lenb,ll c[],int& lenc){
	lenc=lena;
	if(lenc<lenb)lenc=lenb;
	for(int i=1;i<=lenc;++i){
		c[i]+=a[i]+b[i];
		c[i+1]+=c[i]/100000000;
		c[i]%=100000000;
	}
	while(c[lenc+1])++lenc;
}
void sqr$print(ll a[],int lena,int odd){
	ll b[700]={0};
	int lenb=(lena<<1)-1;
	for(int i=1;i<=lena;++i)
	for(int j=1;j<=lena;++j){
		b[i+j-1]+=a[i]*a[j];
		b[i+j]+=b[i+j-1]/100000000;
		b[i+j-1]%=100000000;
	}
	while(b[lenb+1])++lenb;
	while(!b[lenb])--lenb;
	if(!odd){
		int now=1;
		b[1]-=4;
		while(b[now]<0){
			b[now]+=100000000;
			--b[now++];
		}
	}
	while(b[lenb+1])++lenb;
	while(!b[lenb])--lenb;
	printf("%d",(int)b[lenb]);
	for(int i=lenb-1;i;--i)printf("%08d",(int)b[i]);
	putchar('\n');
}
int main(){
	memset(f,0,sizeof f);
	int n;
	scanf("%d",&n);
	f[1].a[1]=f[1].len=f[2].len=1;
	f[2].a[1]=3;
	for(int i=3;i<=n;++i)
	add(f[i-2].a,f[i-2].len,f[i-1].a,f[i-1].len,f[i].a,f[i].len);
	sqr$print(f[n].a,f[n].len,n&1);
	return 0;
}

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mrsrz/p/7607918.html

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最新发布
12-12
你遇到的错误: ``` UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE ``` 以及请求失败指向了华为内部仓库: ``` https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/... ``` 这表明你的 npm 配置使用的是 **华为公司内网私有镜像源**,而你现在的问题是:**Node.js 无法验证该 HTTPS 服务器证书的有效性(通常是自签名证书)**。 --- ## 🔍 错误原因分析 - 公司私有 NPM 仓库(如 `cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com`)通常使用 **企业内网 CA 签发的 SSL 证书**。 - 你的操作系统或 Node.js 没有信任这个 CA 证书 → 导致 `UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE`。 - 这不是网络不通,而是 TLS 握手失败 —— 安全机制阻止了请求。 --- ## ✅ 解决方案(按推荐顺序) ### ✅ 方法一:安装企业根证书(最安全、推荐) > 💡 联系你们公司的 IT 或前端基建团队获取“企业根证书”(一般是 `.crt` 或 `.pem` 文件)。 #### 步骤如下: 1. **获取企业 CA 证书文件** 比如叫 `huawei-ca.crt` 2. **配置 npm 使用该证书** ```bash npm config set cafile "C:\path\to\huawei-ca.crt" ``` 示例: ```bash npm config set cafile "C:\certs\huawei-ca.crt" ``` ✅ 这样 npm 就会信任你们公司签发的所有证书。 3. (可选)验证是否生效 ```bash npm config get cafile ``` --- ### ✅ 方法二:临时关闭 SSL 验证(仅测试用!不推荐生产) 如果你只是想快速验证是否是证书问题,可以临时禁用: ```bash npm config set strict-ssl false ``` ⚠️ 警告:这样做会让所有 HTTPS 请求不再校验证书,存在中间人攻击风险! > ❌ 不建议长期使用,尤其不要在正式开发中开启。 恢复命令: ```bash npm config set strict-ssl true ``` --- ### ✅ 方法三:设置 NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS 环境变量(高级用法) 适用于 Electron、CI 环境等场景。 ```bash set NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=C:\certs\huawei-ca.crt ``` 然后运行 npm 命令: ```bash npm install ``` 这样 Node.js 会在默认 CA 基础上额外信任你提供的证书。 --- ### ✅ 方法四:检查代理设置(如有使用) 有些公司需要配合代理才能访问内部仓库: ```bash npm config get proxy npm config get https-proxy ``` 如果应该设置但没设,可以: ```bash npm config set proxy http://proxy.yourcompany.com:8080 npm config set https-proxy http://proxy.yourcompany.com:8080 ``` > 具体地址请咨询 IT 部门。 --- ## 🧪 如何确认问题是出在证书上? 你可以手动测试连接: ```bash curl -v https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/ ``` 或者用浏览器打开这个链接: 👉 [https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/](https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/) - 如果浏览器提示“不安全”、“证书不受信任”,那就是证书问题。 - 正常情况下你应该看到一个 JSON 响应(可能是 forbidden,但不能是证书错误)。 --- ## 📌 总结与建议 | 方案 | 是否推荐 | 说明 | |------|--------|------| | ✅ `cafile` 设置企业 CA 证书 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 最安全、最规范 | | ⚠️ `strict-ssl=false` | ⚠️ 仅临时 | 快速排查可用,禁止提交到项目 | | ✅ `NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS` | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 适合自动化脚本和 CI | | 🔁 检查代理和网络 | 必须做 | 确保能连通内网服务 | --- 上述代码通过设置 `npm config set cafile` 来指定企业级 CA 证书路径,使 Node.js 能够信任公司私有 NPM 仓库的 HTTPS 证书,从而解决 `UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE` 错误。这是企业内网环境下安全合规的做法。 ---
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