Fit for Chinese studying english grammer 2

Section Two. Present tense and Present progressive（现在式和现在进行式）

Present tense:a state not a action

Example:Tom works hard.

Present progressive:a present action

struct:verb to be+present participle(现在分词)

Present participle:verb+ing

Example:I am watching a movie.

 

Section Three.Past tense and Past progressive(过去式和过去进行式)

过去式带有时间词汇

I went to school yesterday.

过去进行式和现在进行式类似，只是verb to be要用过去式。可是有一点过去进行式常和另一句子一起用

Example:

I was taking a bath when you called.

过去进行式通常牵涉到几件事情，这两件同时发生，一件用过去式，一件用过去进行式。

 

Section Four.完成式Perfect Tense

1.Present Perfect Tense现在完成时 verb to be + past participle

每一个动词都有过去式和过去分词（past participle）

Example :

go went gone

come came come

1. 首先假设我们有一件事,发生在过去,而一直延续到现在,就要用现在完成式,这种句子后面常有since或for.
I have studied English since 1963.

He has already practiced tennis for (the past) four years

2.使用现在完成式的另一情况是强调已经完成的事

I have already written the letter.

3.现在完成式用来表示一种经验

I have been to America.

4.现在完成式可以用来表示一件过去常发生的事:
He has already published three papers this year.

对读者而言,最重要的是＂现在完成式″和＂过去式″不同究竟在那里 最重要的不同在于,一旦在句子中讲一件过
去发生的事,而且指定特定的时间,就一定要用＂过去式″,而不能用＂现在完成式″.比方说,＂我曾经看过「铁
达尼号」″,可以用现在完成式,因为这句话没有指明任何特定的时间,假如说,＂我昨天晚上去看「铁达尼号」″,
就一定用过去式,读者不妨看看以下的比较:
(a)I went to America last year.
I have been to America.

现在完成式常和since,for,already,never,ever等字一起使用,以下都是这类的例子:

(1)I have already had dinner.

Never 和 ever 也常是我们弄不清楚如何使用的字,一般说来, never 有否定的意思,ever则只有在问句中才会出现.
2.Present Perfect Progressive Tense现在完成进行式

假如我们要强调我一直在练习游泳,而且没有间断,我们可以用现在完成进行式(present perfect
progressive tense).所谓现在完成进行式,形式如下:
verb to have + been + present participle

I have been studying English since 1974.

3.过去完成式和过去完成进行式(Past Perfect Progressive Tense)

过去完成式的形式如下:
had + past participle
过去完成式是不能单独用的.我们用的时候,必须有另一个事件.也就是说,假如我们有两件事 A 和 B,两件事都
发生在过去,但 A 发生在 B 以前,A 应该用过去完成式,B 则用过去式.以下是几个例子:

(1) 他到台湾以前,曾学过中文.
He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan.

如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性,我们可以用过去完成进行式.过去完成进行式和现在完成进行式惟一不同的地方
是 verb to have 的地方一定要用had

I had been watching TV before you called me.

 

Section Five.未来式

如果不用＂will″,我们可以用＂verb to be +going to+ verb″

这里面的to式infinitive,infinitive里面永远要用原型动词.
未来式常和别的句子用在一起,以下是典型的例子
1. When you come tomorrow, I will already be in Taipei.
2. After I graduate, I am going to be a good doctor in Africa.
3. Before I leave tomorrow, I will finish my work.
4. After the war is over, every one will be happy.
5. I will go to a concert after my classes are over.
6. I will eat lunch as soon as I have time.

 

未来式的变形

未来式可以和进行式合起来用,以下是未来进行式的例子
I will be watching TV tomorrow at eight.

未来式可以和完成式合在一起用,而成为未来完成式,这种句子都是在于强调未来要完成的事.举例来说,"我明天
六点以前,我会完成这工作了",就可以用未来完成式:
I will have finished this work by six o'clock tomorrow.