所谓立即加载,是在读取查询对象时,把和查询对象所有有关联的数据全部查出来(包括有关联的对象的关联对象),这种方式是效率最慢的,但好处是只需要一次数据库连接,就可以读取出全部数据,如果数据库连接资源紧张,可以考虑使用
我们有三个实体对象Student,Team,Cerificate
其中Student和Team是1对1的关系,采用主键关联的方式(Student的id和Certificate的id保持一致) Team和Student是一对多的关系(反之为1对多)
在Mysql中运行以下脚本,建立数据库
CREATE TABLE certificate ( id varchar ( 100 ) NOT NULL default '' , description varchar ( 100 ) default '' , PRIMARY KEY (id) ); CREATE TABLE student ( team_id varchar ( 100 ) default '' , id varchar ( 100 ) NOT NULL default '' , name varchar ( 20 ) default '' , cardId varchar ( 20 ) NOT NULL default '' , age int ( 11 ) default ' 0 ' , PRIMARY KEY (id) ); CREATE TABLE team ( id varchar ( 100 ) NOT NULL default '' , teamName varchar ( 100 ) default '' , PRIMARY KEY (id) ); INSERT INTO certificate VALUES ( ' 1 ' , ' 110108 ' ); INSERT INTO certificate VALUES ( ' 2 ' , ' 110109 ' ); INSERT INTO student VALUES ( ' 1 ' , ' 1 ' , ' tomclus ' , ' 2006m ' , 33 ); INSERT INTO student VALUES ( ' 2 ' , ' 2 ' , ' tom ' , ' 2007m ' , 22 ); INSERT INTO team VALUES ( ' 1 ' , ' team1 ' );
建立对应的Pojo对象
package Search.immediately; public class Certificate ... { private String id; private String description; private Student stu; public Student getStu() ... { return stu; } public void setStu(Student stu) ... { this .stu = stu; } public String getDescription() ... { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) ... { this .description = description; } public String getId() ... { return id; } public void setId(String id) ... { this .id = id; } }package Search.immediately; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; public class Team ... { private String id; private Set students = new HashSet(); private String teamName; private Set tests; public Set getTests() ... { return tests; } public void setTests(Set tests) ... { this .tests = tests; } public String getId() ... { return id; } public void setId(String id) ... { this .id = id; } public String getTeamName() ... { return teamName; } public void setTeamName(String name) ... { this .teamName = name; } public Set getStudents() ... { return students; } public void setStudents(Set students) ... { this .students = students; } }package Search.immediately; public class Certificate ... { private String id; private String description; private Student stu; public Student getStu() ... { return stu; } public void setStu(Student stu) ... { this .stu = stu; } public String getDescription() ... { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) ... { this .description = description; } public String getId() ... { return id; } public void setId(String id) ... { this .id = id; } }
建立对应的hbm文件
Student.hbm.xml
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" > <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools --> < hibernate-mapping package ="Search.immediately" > <!-- 设置非延迟加载 --> < class name ="Student" table ="student" lazy ="false" > < id name ="id" column ="id" unsaved-value ="null" > < generator class ="uuid.hex" ></ generator > </ id > < property name ="cardId" column ="cardId" ></ property > < property name ="name" column ="name" ></ property > < property name ="age" column ="age" ></ property > <!-- 为测试立即加载,关闭外连接 --> < one-to-one name ="cer" class ="Search.immediately.Certificate" constrained="true" outer-join ="false" cascade ="all" > </ one-to-one > <!-- hibernate会自动使用外连接获取学生所属的team,为测试立即加载,关闭外连接 --> < many-to-one name ="team" column ="team_id" outer-join="false" class ="Search.immediately.Team" ></ many-to-one > </ class > </ hibernate-mapping >
Team.hbm.xml
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" > <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools --> < hibernate-mapping package ="Search.immediately" > < class name ="Team" table ="team" lazy ="false" > < id name ="id" column ="id" > < generator class ="uuid.hex" ></ generator > </ id > < property name ="teamName" column ="teamName" ></ property > < set name ="students" lazy ="false" inverse ="true" outer-join ="false" > < key column ="team_id" ></ key > < one-to-many class ="Search.immediately.Student" /> </ set > </ class > </ hibernate-mapping >
Certificate.hbm .xml
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <! DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" > <!-- Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools --> < hibernate-mapping package ="Search.immediately" > < class name ="Certificate" table ="certificate" lazy ="false" > <!-- 共享主键关联,在子方配置constrained=true --> < id name ="id" column ="id" > < generator class ="foreign" > < param name ="property" > stu </ param > </ generator > </ id > < property name ="description" column ="description" ></ property > <!-- 为测试立即加载,关闭外连接 --> < one-to-one name ="stu" class ="Search.immediately.Student" outer-join="false" constrained ="true" > </ one-to-one > </ class > </ hibernate-mapping >
hibernate.cfg.xml
<? xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> <! DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd" > <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. --> < hibernate-configuration > < session-factory > < property name ="connection.username" > root </ property > < property name ="connection.url" > jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernateconformity?characterEncoding=gb2312& useUnicode=true </ property > < property name ="dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </ property > < property name ="myeclipse.connection.profile" > mysql </ property > < property name ="connection.password" > 1234 </ property > < property name ="connection.driver_class" > com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </ property > < property name ="hibernate.dialect" > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </ property > < property name ="hibernate.show_sql" > true </ property > < property name ="current_session_context_class" > thread </ property > < mapping resource ="Search/immediately/Certificate.hbm.xml" /> < mapping resource ="Search/immediately/Student.hbm.xml" /> < mapping resource ="Search/immediately/Team.hbm.xml" /> </ session-factory > </ hibernate-configuration >
测试程序
package Search.immediately; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class Test ... { public static void main(String[] args) ... { String filePath = System.getProperty( " user.dir " ) + File.separator + " src/Search/immediately " + File.separator + " hibernate.cfg.xml " ; File file = new File(filePath); SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure(file).buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession(); Student stu = (Student)session.get(Student. class , " 1 " ); } }
hibernate sql如下,我们开始分析
Hibernate: select student0_.id as id1_0_, student0_.cardId as cardId1_0_, student0_.name as name1_0_, student0_.age as age1_0_, student0_.team_id as team5_1_0_ from student student0_ where student0_.id=?这条语句是因为我们调用了get方式,取id为1的student对象而产生的
Hibernate: select certificat0_.id as id0_0_, certificat0_.description as descript2_0_0_ from certificate certificat0_ where certificat0_.id=?由于是立即加载,hibernate会自动根据取回的student对象来取得和他对应的Certificate
Hibernate: select team0_.id as id2_0_, team0_.teamName as teamName2_0_ from team team0_ where team0_.id=?由于Student对象关联着其所属的team,这里取回team对象
Hibernate: select students0_.team_id as team5_1_, students0_.id as id1_, students0_.id as id1_0_, students0_.cardId as cardId1_0_, students0_.name as name1_0_, students0_.age as age1_0_, students0_.team_id as team5_1_0_ from student students0_ where students0_.team_id=?team对象持有一个其所有学生的集合,所以,取回team对象后,继续查询student,把另一个(id为2)的studet对象取回,由于id为1的student已经在hibernate缓存中,所以,不会再进行一次数据库查询
Hibernate: select certificat0_.id as id0_0_, certificat0_.description as descript2_0_0_ from certificate certificat0_ where certificat0_.id=?由于有了一个新取回的student对象,所以,立即加载其certificate对象
综上所述,简单的一个get操作,会引发5个SQL