[leetcode] 438. Find All Anagrams in a String @ python-优快云博客

本文介绍了一种使用滑动窗口和字典记录字母频率的方法，来寻找字符串s中所有非空字符串p的变位词起始索引。通过遍历s，将末位字母加入d2字典，并检查d1和d2是否相等，以此找到所有匹配的变位词。

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原题

Given a string s and a non-empty string p, find all the start indices of p’s anagrams in s.

Strings consists of lowercase English letters only and the length of both strings s and p will not be larger than 20,100.

The order of output does not matter.

Example 1:

Input:
s: “cbaebabacd” p: “abc”

Output:
[0, 6]

Explanation:
The substring with start index = 0 is “cba”, which is an anagram of “abc”.
The substring with start index = 6 is “bac”, which is an anagram of “abc”.
Example 2:

Input:
s: “abab” p: “ab”

Output:
[0, 1, 2]

Explanation:
The substring with start index = 0 is “ab”, which is an anagram of “ab”.
The substring with start index = 1 is “ba”, which is an anagram of “ab”.
The substring with start index = 2 is “ab”, which is an anagram of “ab”.

解法

滑动窗口. 如果两个单词是变位词, 那么它们的字母计数相同. 我们构造两个字典d1, d2记录字母的频率, 遍历s, 每次遍历将末位字母加到d2中, 并检查两个字典是否相同, 检查完毕后, 将头部字母去掉.
Time: O(n)
Space: O(n)

代码

class Solution:
    def findAnagrams(self, s: 'str', p: 'str') -> 'List[int]':
        res = []
        d1 = collections.Counter(p)
        window = s[:len(p)-1]
        d2 = collections.Counter(window)
        for start in range(len(s)-len(p)+1):
            end = start + len(p)-1            
            d2[s[end]] = d2.get(s[end], 0) + 1
            if d1 == d2:
                res.append(start)
            # delete the start char
            d2[s[start]] -= 1
            if d2[s[start]]==0:
                del d2[s[start]]
                
        return res