Django当中的ORM操作

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-07 21:12:58 发布

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本文详细介绍如何使用 Django 的 ORM 进行数据库操作，包括数据的增删改查，并通过实例演示了 URL 设计及视图函数的编写，同时展示了 HTML 页面的实现。

创建类根据类自动创建数据表

app 下的models.py

settings:

installed_app

之后执行：

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

配置mysql数据库

python3必须在项目中的init中配置以下内容

根据类对数据库表中的数据进行各种操作

数据添加

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
    # 创建第一种方法
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(
    #     username = 'root',
    #     password = '123'
    # )

    # 创建第二种方法
    # obj = models.UserInfo(username = 'root1',password = '123')
    # obj.save()

    # 创建第三种方法
    dic = {'username' : 'root2', 'password':666}
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)

数据查询

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
    # 查询所有数据
    # result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    # 按条件查询数据
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username = 'root')
    for row in result:
        print(row.id, row.username)

删除数据

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
    # 删除数据
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id = 4).delete()

更新数据

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
    #更新数据
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id = 2).update(password="12312312")

一个增删改查的例子

url设计

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/', views.index, name="indexx"),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^user_info', views.user_info),
    url(r'^userdetail-(?P<nid>\d+)', views.userdetail),
    url(r'^userdel-(?P<nid>\d+)', views.user_del),
    url(r'^useredit-(?P<nid>\d+)', views.user_edit),
]

页面跳转代码（view.py）

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models

# Create your views here.
#主页
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')

#登录
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
         # 数据库中执行 select * from user where username = 'x' and password='x'
         u = request.POST.get('user')
         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
         obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username = u, password = p).first()
         count = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username = u, password = p).count()
         if obj:
             return redirect('/cmdb/index/')
         else:
            return render(request, 'login.html')
    else:
         return redirect('/index/')

#用户列表
def user_info(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'user_info.html', {'user_list' : user_list})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get('user')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

#删除用户
def user_del(request, nid):
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

#用户修改
def user_edit(request, nid):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'obj' : obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get("username")
        p = request.POST.get("password")
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

#用户详情
def userdetail(request, nid):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {'obj' : obj})

主页面（index.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="height: 48px; background-color: black; color: white">dancheng</div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:48px; bottom: 0; left:0; width: 200px; background-color: brown">
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:36px; left:210px; bottom: 0; right: 0;overflow: auto;">

        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

显示用户列表页面（user_info.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="height: 48px; background-color: black; color: white">dancheng</div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:48px; bottom: 0; left:0; width: 200px; background-color: brown">
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:36px; left:210px; bottom: 0; right: 0;overflow: auto;">
            <h3>添加用户</h3>
            <form action="/cmdb/user_info" method="post">
                <input type="text" name="user">
                <input type="password" name="pwd">
                <input type="submit" value="添加">
            </form>
            <h3>用户列表</h3>
            <ul>
                {% for row in user_list %}
                    <li>
                        <a href="/cmdb/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a> |
                        <a href="/cmdb/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a> |
                        <a href="/cmdb/useredit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

用户详情页面（user_detail.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="height: 48px; background-color: black; color: white">dancheng</div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:48px; bottom: 0; left:0; width: 200px; background-color: brown">
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:36px; left:210px; bottom: 0; right: 0;overflow: auto;">
            <h1>用户详细信息</h1>
            <h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>
            <h5>{{ obj.username }}</h5>
            <h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

用户修改页面（user_edit）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        body{
            margin: 0;
        }
        .menu{
            display: block;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div style="height: 48px; background-color: black; color: white">dancheng</div>
    <div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:48px; bottom: 0; left:0; width: 200px; background-color: brown">
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
            <a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
        </div>
        <div style="position: absolute; top:36px; left:210px; bottom: 0; right: 0;overflow: auto;">
            <h1>编辑用户</h1>
            <form action="/cmdb/useredit-{{ obj.id }}/" method="post">
                <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ obj.id }}">
                <input type="text" name="username" value="{{ obj.username }}">
                <input type="text" name="password" value="{{ obj.password }}">
                <input type="submit" value="修改">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>