Android5.0截屏,无需root
关于截屏这一块,Android在5.0之后提供了官方的API,关于截屏也不需要使用adb,root,以及去模拟按键又或者去撸隐藏代码了。
主要用到以下几个类:
1. MediaProjection
2. MediaProjectionManager
3. MediaProjection.Callback
4. DisplayManager
5. VirtualDisplay
6. VirtualDisplay.Callback
7. ImageReader
8. Image
9. Bitmap
10. PixelFormat
实现步骤
拿到屏幕上的实时信息
先请求截屏的服务,然后拿到返回来的Intent数据.
这里实现打开一个服务,跟一般的服务不一样,这里的服务会转换为一个MediaProjectionManager,看命名是一个管理器,这个管理器持有MediaProjection,还有一个请求截屏的Intent。有两种方式拿到这个MediaProjectionManager.
Context.getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE);
or
Context.getSystemService(MediaProjectionManager.class);
拿到MediaProjectionManager后,就可以拿到它名下的一个Intent,通过启动这个Intent,我们可以拿到另外一个Intent。所以我们必须用 startActivityForResult这种方式来启动这个Intent。
启动这个Intent,系统会向用户申请权限,告知用户接下来会有截屏操作,同时也开始截屏的准备工作了。因为我们是以startActivityForResult方式启动的,所以在onActivityResult里面会返回实时的屏幕的信息(这里的信息不是以图像的形式出现,所以我们拿到信息后还需要自己处理转换成我们需要的图像信息)。(录屏也是这样做的)
public void requestScreenShot() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
// MediaProjectionManager mediaProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE); //方式一
MediaProjectionManager mediaProjectionManager = getSystemService(MediaProjectionManager.class); //方式二
startActivityForResult(mediaProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent(), REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION);//REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION是我们自己定义的一个int,随便给可以。
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "版本过低,无法截屏", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
在onActivityResult方法里面可以拿到返回的数据,Intent类型。
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION: {
if (resultCode == -1 && data != null) {//这里的resultCode必须为-1(Activity.RESULT_OK),后面也会用到-1(系统返回的-1,只需要记住就可以了);
this.data = data; //记录这里拿到data,是一个Intent,实际上这里记录的只是一个引用,里面的东西是实时在改变的(因为里面记录的是屏幕信息),信息存储在intent里面的bundle,bundle里面记录的是一个用Android专用序列化方式Parcelable序列化过的一个对象。
}
}
}
}
拿到屏幕信息后,我们需要处理,将其转换成我们需要的PNG或者bitmap格式。
处理分为大抵分为两步,第一步,新建一个虚拟屏幕,将之前拿到的信息显示在虚拟屏幕上;第二步,拿到屏幕上的图像。
新建一个虚拟屏幕
这里还是需要借助MediaProjectionManager,上面有说过,MediaProjectionManager持有MediaProjection,还有一个请求截屏的Intent,Intent我们已经用过了,这里会用到MediaProjection。我们要拿到这个MediaProjection,方法里面有两个参数(一个是上面说的-1(Activity.RESULT_OK),一个是上面拿到的屏幕信息Intent)
if(null==mMediaProjection)
mMediaProjection = mediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection(Activity.RESULT_OK,data);
//这里的mediaProjectionManager 跟上面的不一定是同一个对象,可以自己通过Context重新请求一个MediaProjectionManager
初始化一个ImageReader对象,这个对象会在虚拟化屏幕里面用到,这个ImageReader实际上是屏幕上面的画面。初始化一个ImageReader用到四个参数会。newInstance (int width, int height, int format, int maxImages)分别代表图像的宽、高、图像色彩格式、imagereader里面最多存储几张图像(多了耗费内存),这里格式必须是ImageFormat或PixelFormat里面的,当然也并不是说里面的所有格式都支持,ImageFormat.NV21就不支持。
mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(
getScreenWidth(), //真实屏幕宽度
getScreenHeight(), //真实屏幕高度
PixelFormat.RGBA_8888,// a pixel两节省一些内存 个2个字节 此处RGBA_8888 必须和下面 buffer处理一致的格式
1); //最多存储一张图像
下面是一些获取真实屏幕参数的方法:
//获取真实屏幕宽度(单位px)
private int getScreenWidth() {
return Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels;
}
//获取真实屏幕高度(单位px)
private int getScreenHeight() {
return Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels;
}
//获取状态栏高度(单位px)
private int getStatusBatHeight(){
/**
* 获取状态栏高度——方法1
* */
//获取status_bar_height资源的ID
int resourceId = getContext().getResources().getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android");
if (resourceId > 0) {
//根据资源ID获取响应的尺寸值
statusBarHeight1 = getContext().getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
float scale = getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
statusBarHeight1= (int) (statusBarHeight1*scale+0.5f);
return statusBarHeight1;
}
return 0;
}
然后就是新建虚拟屏幕了,用之前拿到的mMediaProjection,这个对象下面有一个方法createVirtualDisplay ,这个方法就是创建一个虚拟屏幕。下面介绍一下各个参数的意义。
VirtualDisplay createVirtualDisplay (String name, //虚拟屏幕的名字,不能为空,可以随便取
int width, //虚拟屏幕的宽度
int height, //虚拟屏幕的高度
int dpi, //虚拟屏幕的DPI
int flags, //虚拟屏幕的显示标志,必须为DisplayManager下面的int常量
Surface surface, //存放虚拟屏幕图像的UI
VirtualDisplay.Callback callback, //虚拟屏幕状态发生改变的回调
Handler handler) //上面回调所运行的线程,为null上面回调会运行在主线程里面
mVirtualDisplay = mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay("screen-mirror",
getScreenWidth(),
getScreenHeight(),
getScreenDpi(),
DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_AUTO_MIRROR,
mImageReader.getSurface(), null, null);
处理虚拟屏幕上的图像
从存储虚拟屏幕的ImageReader对象上,拿到里面的image图像,这里就可以得到image的字节数组信息,在新建一个bitmap对象,将字节信息传给bitmap,就可以拿到我们需要的图像,这个bitmap就是我们的屏幕截图了。需要注意的是,bitmap的色彩格式要和上面给ImageReader设置的一样。
Image image = mImageReader.acquireLatestImage();
while(null==image)
image=mImageReader.acquireLatestImage();
int width = image.getWidth();
int height = image.getHeight();
final Image.Plane[] planes = image.getPlanes();
final ByteBuffer buffer = planes[0].getBuffer();
//每个像素的间距
int pixelStride = planes[0].getPixelStride();
//总的间距
int rowStride = planes[0].getRowStride();
int rowPadding = rowStride - pixelStride * width;
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width + rowPadding / pixelStride, height,
Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
bitmap.copyPixelsFromBuffer(buffer);
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap,0,0,width,height);//这里的bitmap为最终的截图
image.close();
File fileImage = null;
if (bitmap != null) {
try {
fileImage = new File(mLocalUrl);//mLocalURL为存储的路径
if (!fileImage.exists()) {
fileImage.createNewFile();
}
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(fileImage);
if (out != null) {
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fileImage = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fileImage = null;
}
}
if (bitmap != null && !bitmap.isRecycled()) {
bitmap.recycle();
}
}
if (mVirtualDisplay != null) {
mVirtualDisplay.release();
}
if (mOnShotListener != null) {
mOnShotListener.onFinish();
}
if(null!=mMediaProjection){
mMediaProjection.stop();
}
下面贴出完整的代码,由于是公司的项目,所以就不贴出整个工程了。
这段代码是上面步骤里面的后两步,之前的跳转需要自己在activity里面获取。获取方法如下:
//在oncreate或者onresume里面调用
public void requestScreenShot() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
// MediaProjectionManager mediaProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE); //方式一
MediaProjectionManager mediaProjectionManager = getSystemService(MediaProjectionManager.class); //方式二
startActivityForResult(mediaProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent(), REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION);//REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION是我们自己定义的一个int,随便给可以。
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "版本过低,无法截屏", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION: {
if (resultCode == -1 && data != null) {//这里的resultCode必须为-1(Activity.RESULT_OK),后面也会用到-1(系统返回的-1,只需要记住就可以了);
this.data = data; //记录这里拿到data,是一个Intent,实际上这里记录的只是一个引用,里面的东西是实时在改变的(因为里面记录的是屏幕信息),信息存储在intent里面的bundle,bundle里面记录的是一个用Android专用序列化方式Parcelable序列化过的一个对象。
}
}
}
}
这段代码最好在一个子线程里面执行,因为我在项目里面已经是在子线程里面执行,所以这里没有用Thread和Handler。
package com.hskj.damnicomniplusvic.wevenation.util;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.hardware.display.DisplayManager;
import android.hardware.display.VirtualDisplay;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.ImageReader;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjectionManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
/**
* Created by wei on 16-12-1.
*/
public class Shotter {
private final SoftReference<Context> mRefContext;
private ImageReader mImageReader;
private MediaProjection mMediaProjection;
private VirtualDisplay mVirtualDisplay;
int statusBarHeight1 = -1;
private String mLocalUrl = "";
private Rect mRect;
//rect是我在项目里面需要截图的区域,一个图标。
public Shotter(Context context, Intent data, Rect rect) {
this.mRefContext = new SoftReference<>(context);
this.mRect=rect;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
if(null==mMediaProjection)
mMediaProjection = getMediaProjectionManager().getMediaProjection(Activity.RESULT_OK,
data);
mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(
getScreenWidth(),
getScreenHeight(),
PixelFormat.RGBA_8888,// a pixel两节省一些内存 个2个字节 此处RGBA_8888 必须和下面 buffer处理一致的格式
1);
getStatusBatHeight();
}
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private void virtualDisplay() {
mVirtualDisplay = mMediaProjection.createVirtualDisplay("screen-mirror",
getScreenWidth(),
getScreenHeight(),
getScreenDpi(),
DisplayManager.VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_FLAG_AUTO_MIRROR,
mImageReader.getSurface(), null, null);
}
public void startScreenShot(String loc_url) {
mLocalUrl = loc_url;
startScreenShot();
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public void startScreenShot() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
virtualDisplay();
Image image = mImageReader.acquireLatestImage();
while(null==image)
image=mImageReader.acquireLatestImage();
int width = image.getWidth();
int height = image.getHeight();
final Image.Plane[] planes = image.getPlanes();
final ByteBuffer buffer = planes[0].getBuffer();
//每个像素的间距
int pixelStride = planes[0].getPixelStride();
//总的间距
int rowStride = planes[0].getRowStride();
int rowPadding = rowStride - pixelStride * width;
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width + rowPadding / pixelStride, height,
Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
bitmap.copyPixelsFromBuffer(buffer);
if(null!=mRect)
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, mRect.left, mRect.top, mRect.width(), mRect.height());
else
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap,0,0,width,height);
image.close();
File fileImage = null;
if (bitmap != null) {
try {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mLocalUrl)) {
mLocalUrl = getContext().getExternalFilesDir("screenshot").getAbsoluteFile() + "/" + SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMillis() + ".png";
}
fileImage = new File(mLocalUrl);
if (!fileImage.exists()) {
fileImage.createNewFile();
}
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(fileImage);
if (out != null) {
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, out);
out.flush();
out.close();
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fileImage = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
fileImage = null;
}
}
if (bitmap != null && !bitmap.isRecycled()) {
bitmap.recycle();
}
}
if (mVirtualDisplay != null) {
mVirtualDisplay.release();
}
if(null!=mMediaProjection){
mMediaProjection.stop();
}
}
private MediaProjectionManager getMediaProjectionManager() {
return (MediaProjectionManager) getContext().getSystemService(
Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE);
}
private Context getContext() {
return mRefContext.get();
}
private int getScreenWidth() {
return Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels;
}
private int getScreenHeight() {
return Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels;
}
private int getScreenDpi(){
return Resources.getSystem().getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi;
}
private void getStatusBatHeight(){
/**
* 获取状态栏高度——方法1
* */
//获取status_bar_height资源的ID
int resourceId = getContext().getResources().getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android");
if (resourceId > 0) {
//根据资源ID获取响应的尺寸值
statusBarHeight1 = getContext().getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
float scale = getContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
statusBarHeight1= (int) (statusBarHeight1*scale+0.5f);
}
}
}
Android截屏,shell方式,需要root,对版本没要求
直接在代码里面执行shell命令,这个命令在电脑上面用adb方式执行无需root也能截图,放在代码里面需要root权限。
在PC上面截图,在DOS窗口输入adb shell screencap -p /sdcard/damn.png
就可以截图并保存在sdcard的根目录下的damn.png文件。
在外直接调用doCmds("screencap -p /sdcard/damn.png")
这里不用前面的adb shell
是因为,在pc上我们的adb是连接到手机的工具,在手机本身上不用连接这一步。
/**
* 执行shell命令函数
* @param cmd 需要执行的shell命令
*/
public static void doCmds(String cmd){
Process process = null;
try {
process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sh");
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());
os.writeBytes(cmd+"\n");
os.writeBytes("exit\n");
os.flush();
os.close();
process.waitFor();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
下面提供一个执行shell脚本的工具类,从其他博客搬过来的。
package com.hskj.damnicomniplusvic.wevenation.util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Android执行shell命令工具类
* Created by DAMNICOMNIPLUSVIC on 2017/7/26.
* (c) 2017 DAMNICOMNIPLUSVIC Inc,All Rights Reserved.
*/
public class ShellUtil {
private static final String COMMAND_SU = "su";
private static final String COMMAND_SH = "ls";
private static final String COMMAND_EXIT = "exit\n";
private static final String COMMAND_LINE_END = "\n";
private ShellUtil() {
throw new AssertionError();
}
/**
* check whether has root permission
*
* @return root or not
*/
public static boolean checkRootPermission() {
return execCommand("echo root", true, false).result == 0;
}
/**
* execute shell command, default return result msg
*
* @param command command
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @return the result of execute command
* @see ShellUtil#execCommand(String[], boolean, boolean)
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(String command, boolean isRoot) {
return execCommand(new String[] {command}, isRoot, true);
}
/**
* execute shell commands, default return result msg
*
* @param commands command list
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @return the result of execute command
* @see ShellUtil#execCommand(String[], boolean, boolean)
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(List<String> commands, boolean isRoot) {
return execCommand(commands == null ? null : commands.toArray(new String[] {}), isRoot, true);
}
/**
* execute shell commands, default return result msg
*
* @param commands command array
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @return the result of execute command
* @see ShellUtil#execCommand(String[], boolean, boolean)
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(String[] commands, boolean isRoot) {
return execCommand(commands, isRoot, true);
}
/**
* execute shell command
*
* @param command command
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @param isNeedResultMsg whether need result msg
* @return the result of execute command
* @see ShellUtil#execCommand(String[], boolean, boolean)
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(String command, boolean isRoot, boolean isNeedResultMsg) {
return execCommand(new String[] {command}, isRoot, isNeedResultMsg);
}
/**
* execute shell commands
*
* @param commands command list
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @param isNeedResultMsg whether need result msg
* @return the result of execute command
* @see ShellUtil#execCommand(String[], boolean, boolean)
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(List<String> commands, boolean isRoot, boolean isNeedResultMsg) {
return execCommand(commands == null ? null : commands.toArray(new String[] {}), isRoot, isNeedResultMsg);
}
/**
* execute shell commands
*
* @param commands command array
* @param isRoot whether need to run with root
* @param isNeedResultMsg whether need result msg
* @return <ul>
* <li>if isNeedResultMsg is false, {@link CommandResult#successMsg} is null and
* {@link CommandResult#errorMsg} is null.</li>
* <li>if {@link CommandResult#result} is -1, there maybe some excepiton.</li>
* </ul>
*/
public static CommandResult execCommand(String[] commands, boolean isRoot, boolean isNeedResultMsg) {
int result = -1;
if (commands == null || commands.length == 0) {
return new CommandResult(result, null, null);
}
Process process = null;
BufferedReader successResult = null;
BufferedReader errorResult = null;
StringBuilder successMsg = null;
StringBuilder errorMsg = null;
DataOutputStream os = null;
try {
process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(isRoot ? COMMAND_SU : COMMAND_SH);
os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());
for (String command : commands) {
if (command == null) {
continue;
}
// donnot use os.writeBytes(commmand), avoid chinese charset error
os.write(command.getBytes());
os.writeBytes(COMMAND_LINE_END);
os.flush();
}
os.writeBytes(COMMAND_EXIT);
os.flush();
result = process.waitFor();
// get command result
if (isNeedResultMsg) {
successMsg = new StringBuilder();
errorMsg = new StringBuilder();
successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
String s;
while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) {
successMsg.append(s);
}
while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) {
errorMsg.append(s);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
if (successResult != null) {
successResult.close();
}
if (errorResult != null) {
errorResult.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (process != null) {
process.destroy();
}
}
return new CommandResult(result, successMsg == null ? null : successMsg.toString(), errorMsg == null ? null
: errorMsg.toString());
}
/**
* result of command
* <ul>
* <li>{@link CommandResult#result} means result of command, 0 means normal, else means error, same to excute in
* linux shell</li>
* <li>{@link CommandResult#successMsg} means success message of command result</li>
* <li>{@link CommandResult#errorMsg} means error message of command result</li>
* </ul>
*
* @author <a href="http://www.trinea.cn" target="_blank">Trinea</a> 2013-5-16
*/
public static class CommandResult {
/** result of command **/
public int result;
/** success message of command result **/
public String successMsg;
/** error message of command result **/
public String errorMsg;
public CommandResult(int result) {
this.result = result;
}
public CommandResult(int result, String successMsg, String errorMsg) {
this.result = result;
this.successMsg = successMsg;
this.errorMsg = errorMsg;
}
}
}