Spring Batch单元测试示例

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-10 14:28:24 发布

翻译最新推荐文章于 2025-08-10 14:28:24 发布 · 3.1k 阅读

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本文档详细介绍了如何使用jUnit和TestNG对Spring批处理作业进行单元测试。内容包括设置测试依赖项，创建简单的批处理工作，提供jUnit和TestNG的示例，以及如何声明和执行作业状态。

在本教程中，我们将向您展示如何使用jUnit和TestNG框架对Spring批处理作业进行单元测试。要对批处理作业进行单元测试，请声明spring-batch-test.jar ， @ JobLauncherTestUtils ，启动作业或步骤，并声明执行状态。

1.单元测试依赖项

要对Spring批处理进行单元测试，请声明以下依赖项：

pom.xml

<!-- Spring Batch dependencies -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-batch-core</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-batch-infrastructure</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- Spring Batch unit test -->	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework.batch</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-batch-test</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
		
	<!-- Junit -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>junit</groupId>
		<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		<version>4.11</version>
		<scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>

	<!-- Testng -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
		<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
		<version>6.8.5</version>
		<scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>

2.Spring批作业

一个简单的工作，稍后的单元测试执行状态。

spring-batch-job.xml

<!-- ...... -->
    <batch:job id="testJob">
	<batch:step id="step1">
	    <batch:tasklet>
		<batch:chunk reader="xmlItemReader" 
			writer="oracleItemWriter"
			commit-interval="1">
		</batch:chunk>
	    </batch:tasklet>
	</batch:step>
    </batch:job>

3. jUnit示例

启动作业并声明执行状态。

AppTest.java

package com.mkyong;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
    "classpath:spring/batch/jobs/spring-batch-job.xml",
    "classpath:spring/batch/config/context.xml",
    "classpath:spring/batch/config/test-context.xml"})
public class AppTest {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;
    
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {

	//testing a job
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        
	//Testing a individual step
        //JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchStep("step1");
        
        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
        
    }
}

PS假定context.xml被声明为所有必需的Spring批处理核心组件，例如jobRepository等。

必须手动声明此JobLauncherTestUtils 。

test-context.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
 
    <!-- Spring should auto load this bean -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils"/>
    
</beans>

4. TestNG示例

TestNG框架中的等效示例。

AppTest2.java

package com.mkyong;

import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
    "classpath:spring/batch/jobs/spring-batch-job.xml",
    "classpath:spring/batch/config/context.xml",
    "classpath:spring/batch/config/test-context.xml"})
public class AppTest2 extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;

    
    @Test
    public void launchJob() throws Exception {

        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();
        Assert.assertEquals(jobExecution.getStatus(), BatchStatus.COMPLETED);
        
    }
}

做完了