这里向大家介绍以下数据结构中的排序算法之插入排序,插入排序建立在一个已经排好序的子集上,基本思想是:每一步将下一个待排序的元素插入到一个已经排好序的子集中,直到结束。在此介绍三种插入排序:直接插入排序、折半插入排序、希尔排序
1、直接插入排序
这是最基本的插入排序方法,这里就不详细介绍了,直接上代码吧
/**
* insert sort
* @param a :array to sort
* @param n :length of array
*/
void insertSort(int a[], int n) {
int i, j, temp;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// as a guard
temp = a[i];
// find location and move other elements back
for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && temp < a[j]; --j)
a[j + 1] = a[j];
// insert into correct place
a[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
2、折半插入排序
类比与折半查找的思想,可以将折半查找用于查找元素要插入的位置,它的好处是减少了关键字的比较次数,但并没有改变移动元素的时间耗费,因此时间复杂度仍为O(n2)
/**
* binary insert sort
* @param a
* @param n
*/
void binaryInsertSort(int a[], int n) {
int temp, low, high, mid;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
temp = a[i];
low = 0;
high = i - 1;
while (low <= high) {
mid = (low + high) / 2;
if (temp < a[mid])
high = mid - 1;
else
low = mid + 1;
}
for (int j = i - 1; j >= low; --j)
a[j + 1] = a[j];
a[low] = temp;
}
}
3、希尔排序
希尔排序也叫做缩小增量排序,主要思想是将待排元素分成若干个小的子序列,然后对每个子序列进行排序。希尔排序的效率比直接插入排序的效率高的多
void shellSort(int a[], int n) {
int group = n / 2;
int temp, j;
while (group >= 1) {
for (int i = group; i < n; ++i) {
temp = a[i];
j = i - group;// the element before i in same group
while (j >= 0 && a[j] > temp) {
a[j + group] = a[j];// move back in the same group
j = j - group;
}
a[j + group] = temp;// store data
}
group /= 2;// reduce the count of one group;
}
}
4、附上完整代码
包括一个生成的随机数组的函数,打印数组的函数
//
// Created by qcq on 2017/3/20.
//
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
/**
* generate a random array for sorting
* @param arr : store the result of array
* @param n : the length of array
* @param min : min number the random generate
* @param max : max number the random generate
* @return
*/
int generateRandomArray(int arr[], int n, int min, int max) {
int i, j, flag;
srand(time(NULL));
if (max - min + 1 < n) // range of the max and min can not provide enough number
return 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
do {
arr[i] = (max - min + 1) * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1 + min);
flag = 0;
// make sure do not have same number in the array
for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
if (arr[i] == arr[j])
flag = 1;
} while (flag);
}
return 1;
}
/**
* insert sort
* @param a :array to sort
* @param n :length of array
*/
void insertSort(int a[], int n) {
int i, j, temp;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// as a guard
temp = a[i];
// find location and move other elements back
for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && temp < a[j]; --j)
a[j + 1] = a[j];
// insert into correct place
a[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
/**
* binary insert sort
* @param a
* @param n
*/
void binaryInsertSort(int a[], int n) {
int temp, low, high, mid;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
temp = a[i];
low = 0;
high = i - 1;
while (low <= high) {
mid = (low + high) / 2;
if (temp < a[mid])
high = mid - 1;
else
low = mid + 1;
}
for (int j = i - 1; j >= low; --j)
a[j + 1] = a[j];
a[low] = temp;
}
}
void shellSort(int a[], int n) {
int group = n / 2;
int temp, j;
while (group >= 1) {
for (int i = group; i < n; ++i) {
temp = a[i];
j = i - group;// 一组中的前一个序号
while (j >= 0 && a[j] > temp) {
a[j + group] = a[j];// move back in the same group
j = j - group;
}
a[j + group] = temp;// store data
}
group /= 2;// reduce the count of one group;
}
}
void printArray(int a[], int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d ", a[i]);
}
}
int main() {
int a[10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
a[i] = 0;
}
if (!generateRandomArray(a, 10, 10, 100)) {
printf("failure to generate array");
getch();
return 1;
}
printf("data before sort:");
printArray(a, 10);
printf("\n");
shellSort(a, 10);
printf("data after sort:");
printArray(a, 10);
getch();
return 0;
}
本文深入探讨数据结构中的排序算法,重点讲解了插入排序的三种实现:直接插入排序、折半插入排序和希尔排序。希尔排序通过缩小增量提高效率,优于直接插入排序。文章还提供了相关代码实现。
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