Oracle 10g备份与恢复高级用户指南--第五章 RMAN环境配置-优快云博客

本文详细介绍Oracle RMAN环境中各种配置方法，包括Flash Recovery Area的配置、媒体管理器的使用及配置、通道配置、备份集与备份片尺寸的设置、备份优化等。此外还介绍了如何配置排除表空间的数据库备份、辅助数据库的数据文件名、快照控制文件位置等内容。

第五章 RMAN环境配置

1. 配置Flash Recovery Area（快速恢复区）

Flash Recovery Area（快速恢复区）：主要存放

Online redo log（文件夹：onlinelog）

控制文件

归档日志文件（文件夹：archivelog）

RMAN文件（文件夹：backupset）

A．以下命令都会在Flash Recovery Area产生Online redo log：

l CREATE DATABASE

l ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE

l ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE

l ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS

初始化参数决定的位置：

l DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n #online redo log 位置

l DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST #快速恢复区文件位置

l DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST # OMF文件位置

B．控制文件

初始化参数决定的位置：

l CONTROL_FILES

l DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n

l DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

l DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

C．归档日志

如果希望使用Flash Recovery Area,则不能使用初始化参数（LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST）

D． REDO LOG文件的位置规则

l 如果设置了LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST（或LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST），则保存归档日志到指定位置；

l 如果DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST被指定，而LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n没有指定，LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10是默认的快速恢复区位置

l 如果设置参数LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n，则会归档到该指定位置，而不会归档到闪回区的默认位置；当然，你也可以将闪回区指定为该参数的归档位置LOCATION = USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_ DEST

l 如果LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n, or DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST都没有指定，则有OS系统默认位置（各系统不同），如，?/dbs，?/dbs/arch

E．归档日志文件名格式：LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT

2. 配置media 管理器备份

media 管理器是第三方软件，通常用于管理磁带等备份设备；

A. RMAN使用media管理器的先决条件：支持oracle RMAN并能与其通信

B. 定位media管理器libray：SBT_LIBRARY参数

SBT_LIBRARY提供媒体管理器软件的库位置:

unix: $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libobk.so

windows: %ORACLE_HOME%\bin\orasbt.dll

如果不能定位，则会报错ORA-27211

Whenever channel allocation fails, the database writes a trace file to the USER_DUMP_DEST directory. The following shows sample output:

SKGFQ OSD: Error in function sbtinit on line 2278

SKGFQ OSD: Look for SBT Trace messages in file /oracle/rdbms/log/sbtio.log

SBT Initialize failed for /oracle/lib/libobk.so

C. 测试媒体管理器library整合正确

l 为RMAN备份配置媒体管理软件

BACKUP命令中分配channel的FORMAT

ALLOCATE CHANNEL、CONFIGURE CHANNEL

环境变量：PARMS='ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=oracle_tapes)'

备份片名称：由format指定，默认为%U

%U：是%u_%p_%c的简写形式，利用它可以为每一个备份片段（即磁盘文件）生成一个唯一名称，这是最常用的命名方式；

备份片大小：MAXPIECESIZE

l 测试allocate channel

例如：

RUN

{ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so

ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

}

如果不成功，则报错ORA-27211,例如：

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of allocate command on c1 channel at 11/30/2001 13:57:18

ORA-19554: error allocating device, device type: SBT_TAPE, device name:

ORA-27211: Failed to load Media Management Library

Additional information: 25

或者：

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)' FORMAT "BACKUP_%U";

RMAN> BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

l 测试备份到媒体管理器

RUN

{

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_srv,NSR_GROUP=oracle_tapes)';

BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

}

D. 配置SBT通道

3. 配置通道

默认情况下，RMAN会自动配置磁盘通道用于备份与恢复；你也可以手动配置通道来提升性能；

l 配置channel并行

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; # default backup device is tape

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # configure two tape channels

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE; # backup goes to two tapes, in two parallel streams

l 配置channel设备类型

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '?/bkup_%U';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_SERVER=tape_svr,NSR_CLIENT=oracleclnt,NSR_GROUP=ora_tapes)';

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2G;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = /tmp/%U;

l show

RMAN> SHOW CHANNEL;

SHOW DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE; # shows the CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE setting

SHOW DEVICE TYPE; # shows the CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... PARALLELISM settings

l 手动配置channel

RMAN> RUN

{

ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK;

BACKUP TABLESPACE users;

}

l 为设备配置特定channel

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; # backup goes to sbt

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; # two sbt channels will be allocated by default

# Assume media manager takes NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL to

# specify a pool

# Configure channel 1 to pool named first_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=first_pool)';

# configure channel 2 to pool named second_pool

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS 'SBT_LIBRARY=/mediavendor/lib/libobk.so ENV=(NSR_DATA_VOLUME_POOL=second_pool)';

BACKUP DATABASE; # first stream goes to 'first_pool' and second to 'second_pool'

l 混合channel

# disk channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT = '/tmp/backup_%U';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 20M;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 4 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 40M;

# sbt channel configuration

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 3;

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=?/oradata)';

CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE sbt

PARMS='SBT_LIBRARY=oracle.disksbt, ENV=(BACKUP_DIR=/tmp)';

l 恢复channel默认值

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR

CONFIGURE CHANNEL n DEVICE TYPE ... CLEAR (where n is an integer)

4. 配置备份集和备份片的最大尺寸

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 7500K;

BACKUP TABLESPACE tools MAXSETSIZE 5G;

5. 配置备份优化

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION CLEAR;

6. 配置多备份

# Makes 2 disk copies of each datafile and control file backup set

# (autobackups excluded)

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 2;

# Makes 3 copies of every archived redo log backup to tape

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

BACKUP DATABASE FORMAT '/tmp/%U', '?/dbs/%U', '?/oradata/%U';

SHOW DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES; # shows CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES setting

7. 配置排除表空间的数据库备份

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE sbt TO 3;

ONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example;

BACKUP DATABASE NOEXCLUDE;

BACKUP TABLESPACE cwmlite, example; # backs up only cwmlite and example

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE cwmlite CLEAR;

CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE example CLEAR;

8. 配置辅助数据库的数据文件名

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR datafileSpec TO 'filename';

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO '/newdisk/datafiles/df2.df;'

CONFIGURE AUXNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 CLEAR;

RMAN> SHOW AUXNAME;

9. 设置快照控制文件位置

当RMAN需要从一个读一致版本的控制文件重新同步，才会创建控制文件快照；RMAN只有以下2种情况下才会需要控制文件快照：从恢复目录重新同步、用当前控制文件备份；

默认快照名：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/snapcf_@.f

SHOW SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME; # shows CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE setting

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/dev/vgd_1_0/rlvt5';

10. RMAN共享服务器设置

tnsname.ora:

inst1_shs =

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=inst1_host)(port1521))

(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=inst1)(SERVER=shared))

)

RMAN命令列表

ALLOCATE CHANNEL

ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE

ALTER DATABASE

BACKUP

BLOCKRECOVER

CATALOG

CHANGE

CONFIGURE

CONNECT

CONVERT

CREATE CATALOG

CREATE SCRIPT

CROSSCHECK

DELETE

DELETE SCRIPT

DROP CATALOG

DROP DATABASE

DUPLICATE

EXECUTE SCRIPT

EXIT

FLASHBACK

HOST

LIST

PRINT SCRIPT

QUIT

RECOVER

RELEASE CHANNEL

REPLACE SCRIPT

REPORT

RESET DATABASE

RESTORE

RESYNC

RUN

SEND

SET

SHOW

SHUTDOWN

SPOOL

SQL

STARTUP

SWITCH

TRANSPORT TABLESPACE

UNREGISTER DATABASE

UPGRADE CATALOG

VALIDATE

archivelogRecordSpecifier

cmdLine

completedTimeSpec

connectStringSpec

datafileSpec

fileNameConversionSpec

formatSpec

deviceSpecifier

keepOption

listObjList

maintQualifier

maintSpec

obsOperandList

recordSpec

releaseForMaint

tempfileSpec

untilClause

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