Oracle备份与恢复 (zt)

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-10 16:35:30 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2021-04-10 16:35:30 发布 · 101 阅读

本文详细介绍在Oracle数据库中遇到不同情况下的数据恢复流程和技术，包括联机恢复和脱机恢复等场景，提供了具体步骤和示例。

仅仅丢失一个普通用户数据文件的恢复A(联机恢复)
（例如，丢失D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF）

准备工作, 通过下面的工作，如果完全恢复，应该可以看到；insert into test1 values(2);
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from tab;
TESTBACKUP3 TABLE
SQL> create table test1 (a number);
SQL> insert into test1 values(1);
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into test1 values(2);
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> conn internal
SQL> archive log list
数据库日志模式存档模式
自动存档启用
存档终点 d:BACKUPDBarchive
最早的概要信息日志序列 3
下一个存档日志序列 5
当前日志序列 5
shutdown abort关闭例程，模拟数据文件丢失
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
Mount数据库
SQL> startup mount
数据库装载完毕。
使损坏的数据文件脱机
SQL> alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' offline;
打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
拷贝刚才热备的数据文件（USERS01.DBF）
恢复损坏的数据文件
SQL> recover datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF';
ORA-00279: ?? 424116 (? 10/20/2002 20:42:04 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: ?? 424116 ???? 1 ???? # 1 ???
指定日志: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: ?? 424125 (? 10/20/2002 20:44:14 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: ?? 424125 ???? 1 ???? # 2 ???
ORA-00278: ??????????? 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC'
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..
已应用的日志。
完成介质恢复。
使恢复完成的数据文件联机
SQL> alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' online;
验证恢复的结果：完全恢复
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
SQL> select * from test1;
说明：
1. shutdown abort关闭例程，模拟数据文件丢失
2. Mount数据库
3. 使损坏的数据文件脱机
4. 打开数据库
5. 拷贝刚才热备的数据文件（USERS01.DBF）
6. 恢复损坏的数据文件
使恢复完成的数据文件联机
shutdown immedate，恢复全部数据文件(不包括control和redo)
（把热备的数据文件拷贝回来，不包括control和redo）
SQL> conn internal
SQL> shutdown immediate;
复制全部热备的数据文件过来（完全恢复成功！）
mount数据库
SQL> startup mount
完全恢复数据库
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
验证恢复结果：完全恢复
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;
完全恢复成功！
说明：
1. 复制全部热备的数据文件过来
2. mount数据库
3. 完全恢复数据库
4. 打开数据库
shutdown abort的情况，恢复全部控制文件和数据文件(不包括redo)
准备工作（这样，insert into test1 values(13);就是没有提交的数据了，如果完全恢复，应该一直可以看到insert into test1 values(12);）
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;
SQL> insert into test1 values(12);
commit;
SQL> insert into test1 values(13);
单开一个session，用来shutdow abort
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
拷贝所有的控制文件和数据文件（不包括redo）
mount数据库，按照提示重建口令文件
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'd:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA'
SQL> host
E:>cd d:oracle1ora81DATABASE
D:oracle1ora81database>del PWDbackup.ORA
D:oracle1ora81database>orapwd file=d:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA pa
ssword=oracle entries=10
/* orapwd Usage: orapwd file= password= entries=
where
file - name of password file (mand),
password - password for SYS and INTERNAL (mand),
entries - maximum number of distinct DBAs and OPERs (opt),
There are no spaces around the equal-to (=) character. */
D:oracle1ora81database>exit
这时，试图完全恢复数据库是不成功的
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done
用to trace备份控制文件
SQL>alter database backup controlfile to trace;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
找到并且编辑控制文件
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BACKUP" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 453
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:BACKUPDBREDO01.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 2 'D:BACKUPDBREDO02.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 3 'D:BACKUPDBREDO03.LOG' SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBRBS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTEMP01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTOOLS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBINDX01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
RECOVER DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
重建控制文件
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> @D:BACKUPDBudumpORA01532.sql
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
Control file created.
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'ALTER'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF'
shutdown immediate，然后重新恢复数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
完全恢复数据库
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1;
说明：
1. 拷贝所有的控制文件和数据文件（不包括redo）
2. mount数据库，按照提示重建口令文件
3. 这时，试图完全恢复数据库是不成功的
4. 用to trace备份控制文件
5. 找到并且编辑控制文件
6. 重建控制文件
7. shutdown immediate，然后重新恢复数据库
8. 完全恢复数据库
9. 打开数据库
仅仅丢失一个普通用户数据文件的恢复B(脱机恢复)
准备工作按照下面的输入，如果全部恢复，应该可以看到insert into test1 values(13)，因为insert into test1 values(14)没提交。
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> insert into test1 values(13);
SQL> insert into test1 values(14);
Shutdown immediate，然后模拟数据文件丢失
单开一个session，执行shutdown immediate（保证insert into test1 values(14);没有被隐式提交）
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL>shutdown immediate
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
模拟数据文件丢失，然后用热备覆盖这个文件
mount数据库
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL>shutdown immediate
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
SQL> startup mount
使损坏的数据文件脱机
SQL>alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' offline;
Database altered.
恢复数据文件
SQL> recover datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF';
ORA-00279: change 424116 generated at 10/20/2002 20:42:04 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424116 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
使恢复的数据文件联机
SQL>alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' online;
打开数据库
SQL>alter database open;
Database altered.
这时需要重新启动数据库，并完全恢复数据库
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select count(*) from test;
select count(*) from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> conn internal
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
重新启动数据库，
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
用recover database再次恢复数据库
SQL> conn internal
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01124: cannot recover data file 1 - file is in use or recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF'
重新使恢复的表空间联机
SQL> alter database datafile 'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF' online;
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1; ok.
验证恢复结果：完全恢复
说明：
1. 用热备覆盖这个文件
2. mount数据库
3. 使损坏的数据文件脱机
4. 恢复数据文件
5. 使恢复的数据文件联机
6. 打开数据库
7. 这时需要重新启动数据库，并完全恢复数据库
8. 重新启动数据库，
9. 用recover database再次恢复数据库
10. 重新使恢复的表空间联机
shutdown abort后，丢失全部文件(除了archive log和init.ora)即，丢失了全部数据文件、控制文件和redo log file
准备工作下面的信息说明了如果是完全恢复，可以看到insert into test1 values(16);，否则可以看到15，就是被归档的那个。17因为没有提交，是不会被恢复的。
SQL> conn internal
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination d:BACKUPDBarchive
Oldest online log sequence 14
Next log sequence to archive 16
Current log sequence 16
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1 where a>10;
SQL> insert into test1 values(15);
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> insert into test1 values(16);
SQL> insert into test1 values(17);
新开一个session，进行shutdown abort
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
把热备的数据文件和控制文件拷贝过来
mount数据库
E:>sqlplus internal
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'd:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA'
根据提示重建口令文件
SQL> host
E:>del d:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA
E:>orapwd file=d:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA password=oracle entries=
10
用to trace备份控制文件
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
找到这个跟踪文件并编辑它
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BACKUP" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 453
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:BACKUPDBREDO01.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 2 'D:BACKUPDBREDO02.LOG' SIZE 1M,
GROUP 3 'D:BACKUPDBREDO03.LOG' SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
'D:BACKUPDBSYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBRBS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBUSERS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTEMP01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBTOOLS01.DBF',
'D:BACKUPDBINDX01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
RECOVER DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
重建控制文件（这种丢失的状态重建控制文件是错误的）
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 25856028 bytes
Fixed Size 75804 bytes
Variable Size 8925184 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 77824 bytes
SQL> @D:BACKUPDBudumpORA02176.sql
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BACKUP" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01565: error in identifying file 'D:BACKUPDBREDO01.LOG'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted
可见，因为缺少所有的redo，重建控制文件是行不通的。
Mount数据库
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
用using backup controlfile进行恢复
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> recover database until cancel using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'D:BACKUPDBARCHIVEBACKUPT001S00017.ARC'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
用Open Resetlog 打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
Database altered.
验证恢复结果：不完全恢复，redo里面的数据丢失了
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> select * from test1 where a>10;
SQL> conn internal
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination d:BACKUPDBarchive
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
说明：
1. 把热备的数据文件和控制文件拷贝过来
2. mount数据库
3. 根据提示重建口令文件
4. 用using backup controlfile进行恢复
5. 用Open Resetlog 打开数据库
shutdown abort的情况，恢复全部控制文件(不包括数据文件和redo)
准备工作
以下说明，如果完全恢复数据库，应该可以看到insert into test1 values(7);
SQL> insert into test1 values(3);
SQL> insert into test1 values(4);
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> conn internal
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination d:BACKUPDBarchive
Oldest online log sequence 8
Next log sequence to archive 10
Current log sequence 10
SQL> select * from test1;
SQL> insert into test1 values(5);
SQL> commit;
SQL> insert into test1 values(6);
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> conn internal
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
SQL> insert into test1 values(7);
1 row created.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn internal
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
删除那个控制文件，把热备的控制文件拷贝过来
mount数据库
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
ORA-01991: invalid password file 'd:oracle1ora81DATABASEPWDbackup.ORA'
根据提示，重建口令文件
SQL> host
E:>cd d:oracle1ora81DATABASE
E:>d:
D:oracle1ora81database>del PWDbackup.ORA
D:oracle1ora81database>dir
驱动器 D 中的卷是 Program
卷的序列号是 D0E6-FA1C
D:oracle1ora81database 的目录
2002-10-21 00:42