SUBSTR
Syntax
substr::=
Text description of substr
Purpose
The "substring" functions return a portion of string, beginning at character position, substring_length characters long. SUBSTR calculates lengths using characters as defined by the input character set. SUBSTRB uses bytes instead of characters. SUBSTRC uses Unicode complete characters. SUBSTR2 uses UCS2 codepoints. SUBSTR4 uses UCS4 codepoints.
- If
positionis 0, then it is treated as 1. - If
positionis positive, then Oracle counts from the beginning ofstringto find the first character. - If
positionis negative, then Oracle counts backward from the end ofstring. - If
substring_lengthis omitted, then Oracle returns all characters to the end ofstring. Ifsubstring_lengthis less than 1, then a null is returned.
string can be any of the datatypes CHAR, VARCHAR2, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, CLOB, or NCLOB. The return value is the same datatype as string. Floating-point numbers passed as arguments to SUBSTR are automatically converted to integers.
Examples
The following example returns several specified substrings of "ABCDEFG":
SELECT SUBSTR('ABCDEFG',3,4) "Substring"
FROM DUAL;
Substring
---------
CDEF
SELECT SUBSTR('ABCDEFG',-5,4) "Substring"
FROM DUAL;
Substring
---------
CDEF
Assume a double-byte database character set:
SELECT SUBSTRB('ABCDEFG',5,4.2) "Substring with bytes"
FROM DUAL;
Substring with bytes
--------------------
CD
加一个例子:
decode用法2
表、视图结构转化
现有一个商品销售表sale,表结构为:
month char(6) --月份
sell number(10,2) --月销售金额
现有数据为:
200001 1000
200002 1100
200003 1200
200004 1300
200005 1400
200006 1500
200007 1600
200101 1100
200202 1200
200301 1300
想要转化为以下结构的数据:
year char(4) --年份
------------ ---------------------
month1 number(10,2) --1月销售金额
month2 number(10,2) --2月销售金额
month3 number(10,2) --3月销售金额
month4 number(10,2) --4月销售金额
month5 number(10,2) --5月销售金额
month6 number(10,2) --6月销售金额
month7 number(10,2) --7月销售金额
month8 number(10,2) --8月销售金额
month9 number(10,2) --9月销售金额
month10 number(10,2) --10月销售金额
month11 number(10,2) --11月销售金额
month12 number(10,2) --12月销售金额
结构转化的SQL语句为:
create or replace view
v_sale(year,month1,month2,month3,month4,month5,month6,month7,month8,month9,month10,month11,month12)
as
select
substrb(month,1,4),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'01',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'02',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'03',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'04',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'05',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'06',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'07',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'08',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'09',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'10',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'11',sell,0)),
sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'12',sell,0))
from sale
group by substrb(month,1,4);
其中substrb(month,1,4)说是是年份,2000什么的。这里是从具体数据说的,
substrb(month,5,2),可选的就是01,02。。。。12。
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/330796/viewspace-874092/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/330796/viewspace-874092/

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