Oracle RMAN备份与恢复-优快云博客

1.背景
软件环境：操作系统：Windows Server 2008 R2,数据库：Oracle 11g 11.2.0.4
服务器网络：服务器A：172.16.22.144，服务器B：172.16.22.145
应用场景：从服务器A，将RMAN备份；恢复到服务器B上。
2.RMAN备份
2.1脚本修改为符合本机实际情况
1)rman.bat

@echo off
set oracle_sid=orcl
set da=%date:~0,4%%date:~5,2%%date:~8,2%
set oraclepath=\"D:\\oracle\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\BIN\"
%oraclepath%\\rman target / msglog D:\\DB_backup\\Oracle_DB\\rmanlog\\%da% cmdfile=D:\\DB_backup\\Oracle_DB\\sql.rman

（1）设置rman.bat中的oracle_sid,oraclepath,备份路径,cmdfile路径。
2)sql.man

点击(此处)折叠或打开

RUN {
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO \'D:/DB_backup/Oracle_DB/%F\';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL CH1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT \'D:/DB_backup/Oracle_DB/%U\';
BACKUP DATABASE SKIP INACCESSIBLE FILESPERSET 10
PLUS ARCHIVELOG FILESPERSET 20
DELETE ALL INPUT;
RELEASE CHANNEL CH1;
}
ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEVICE TYPE DISK;
CROSSCHECK BACKUPSET;
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE

（1）设置sql.man中的备份路径('D:/DB_backup')。
2.2切换数据库为归档模式（归档模式跳过此步）
在"mount"状态下，alter database archivlog,切换为归档模式，再将数据库改为"open"状态。更具备的代码如下：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

SQL〉shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2572144640 bytes
Fixed Size 2283984 bytes
Variable Size 1056966192 bytes
Database Buffers 1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers 2945024 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

2.3cmd环境下执行rman.bat文件，执行完毕后，备份路径中会生成相关如下图的文件：

其中“C-1399XXX”为控制文件。
3.RMAN恢复
3.1备份文件拷贝到目标机器
将备份文件从服务器A的备份目录拷贝到目标机器B中。
3.2查询服务器A中的数据库的dbid。

点击(此处)折叠或打开

select dbid from v$database;

上述语句查出的dbid后期会用到。
3.3创建数据库实例
用DBCA(图形界面比命令创建简单，暂且介绍图形界面)创建与源服务器A中同版本、同SID、主目录相同的Oracle实例。实例创建完毕后，停止实例名服务，删除Oracle主目录下\oradata\实例名\下的所有文件[此步还需要再验证]。
3.4恢复控制文件
（1）启动实例为nomount状态

点击(此处)折叠或打开

sqplus \"/as sysdba\"
shutdown immediate;--已经打开先关闭
startup nomout;

（2）进入RAMN环境，恢复控制文件

RMAN target /
restore controlfile from\'目标机器存放备份路径\\XXX\';

恢复成功会提示如下：
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 恢复完成, 用时: 00:00:04
输出文件名=D:\ORADATA\OCP\CONTROL01.CTL
完成 restore 于 17-3月 -12
（3）设置目标数据源的DBID

点击(此处)折叠或打开

set dbid=\"3.2查询出的dbid的值\"

（4）启动数据库到mount状态

点击(此处)折叠或打开

alter database mount;

（5）Catalog Start with 命令，向‘‘控制文件’’中加载备份集，通过此命令，Oracle可搜索指定目录中的备份文件，并将这些文件加载到控制文件中，使这些文件有恢复的可能。
RMAN> catalog start with '目标机器存放备份路径’;
注意：控制文件不要加到这个目录下。
catalog start with 过程时发现提示如下（跳过执行 restore）：
点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

using target database control file instead fo recovery catalog
searching for all files that mathc the parttern D:\\DB_backup\\Oracle_DB\\
no files found to be unknown to the database;

   （6）恢复数据文件
restore database;
   （7）恢复数据文件
recover database;

Starting recover at 03-MAR-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_0
3_03\\O1_MF_1_1_BHBNQ7NR_.ARC
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 2 is already on disk as file D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_0
3_03\\O1_MF_1_2_BHBQWGXX_.ARC
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1047
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece D:\\DB_BACKUP\\ORACLE_DB\\07Q0R4V6_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=D:\\DB_BACKUP\\ORACLE_DB\\07Q0R4V6_1_1 tag=TAG20150302T164422
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_03_03\\O1_MF_1_1047_BHBVD63J_.ARC thread=1 seque
nce=1047
archived log file name=D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_03_03\\O1_MF_1_1_BHBNQ7NR_.ARC thread=1 sequence
=1
channel default: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_03_03\\O1_MF_1_1047_BHBVD63J_.ARC RECID=6 STAMP=
873389702
archived log file name=D:\\ORACLE\\FAST_RECOVERY_AREA\\ORCL\\ARCHIVELOG\\2015_03_03\\O1_MF_1_2_BHBQWGXX_.ARC thread=1 sequence
=2
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=3
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/03/2015 16:15:04
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 and starting SCN of 1755988