oralce data guard相关

一、dg的搭建、计划切换、故障切换：
    https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/shiyu1157758655/article/details/72878249
    其中搭建有如下两点需要注意：
    1）备库密码文件跟实例名一样，而不是跟db_unique_name一样，如下（而不是orapwdgstd）：

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1. [oracle@dg2 dbs]$ ll
2. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Dec 11 15:56 orapwdg

    2）主库和备份的tns文件都需要加上(UR = A)参数：

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1. DGSTD =
2.     (DESCRIPTION =
3.         (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
4.         (CONNECT_DATA =
5.             (SERVER = DEDICATED)
6.             (SERVICE_NAME = dgstd)
7.             (UR = A)
8.         )
9.     )

二、switchover
    主库：

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1. SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
2.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
3.     -------------------- ----------------
4.     TO STANDBY PRIMARY
5. SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
6. SQL> startup mount
7. SQL> select database_role from v$database;
8.     DATABASE_ROLE
9.     ----------------
10.     PHYSICAL STANDBY

    备库：

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1. SQL>select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
2.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
3.     -------------------- ----------------
4.     TO PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY
5. SQL>alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
6. SQL>alter database open;
7. SQL>select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
8.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
9.     -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
10.     RESOLVABLE GAP PRIMARY READ WRITE

    新备库（原主库）：

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1. SQL> alter database open;
2. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

三、failover（必须确保主库备库的flashback是打开的，可查看v$database(flashback_on)）
    第一阶段（故障）：
        主库：

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1. SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
2.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
3.     -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
4.     TO STANDBY PRIMARY READ WRITE
5. SQL> shutdown abort

        备库：

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1. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
2. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;
3. SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
4.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
5.     -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
6.     TO PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY
7. SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
8. SQL> alter database open;
9. SQL> select switchover_status,database_role,open_mode from v$database;
10.     SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE
11.     -------------------- ---------------- --------------------
12.     FAILED DESTINATION PRIMARY READ WRITE

    第二阶段（恢复）：
        新主库：

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1. SQL> select to_char(standby_became_primary_scn) from v$database;
2.     TO_CHAR(STANDBY_BECAME_PRIMARY_SCN)
3.     ----------------------------------------
4.     1022901

        新备库：

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1. SQL> startup mount
2. SQL> flashback database to scn 1022901;
3. SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
4. SQL> shutdown immediate
5. SQL> startup
6. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
7. SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
8.     OPEN_MODE
9.     --------------------
10.     READ ONLY WITH APPLY
    

四、dg的启动和关闭：
    1、启动：先启动standby库在启动primary库
        备库：

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1. [oracle@dg2 ~]$ lsnrctl start
2. SQL> startup #此时会自动启动成READ ONLY模式，可以查看v$database(OPEN_MODE)
3. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

        主库：

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1. [oracle@dg1 ~]$ lsnrctl start
2. SQL> startup

    2、关闭：先关闭primary库再关闭standby库
        主库：

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1. SQL> shutdown immediate

        备库：

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1. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
2. SQL> shutdown immediate

    3、验证是否正常：

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1. SQL> col dest_name format a30
2. SQL> col error format a20
3. SQL> select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest; #查看是否有报错

五、dg相关知识点：
    http://lib.youkuaiyun.com/article/oracle/29298

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