手工创建oracle数据库

本文详细介绍了在Windows2000Server环境下搭建Oracle9i和Oracle8iR2数据库的过程,包括创建目录、配置参数文件、创建数据库及数据文件、设置自动启动等关键步骤。
系统环境
  操作系统:Windows 2000 Server
  数据库:Oracle 9i
  安装路径:C:/Oracle

  步骤:
  1、手工创建相关目录
  C:/Oracle/admin/web
  C:/Oracle/admin/web/bdump
  C:/Oracle/admin/web/udump
  C:/Oracle/admin/web/cdump
  C:/Oracle/admin/web/pfile
  C:/Oracle/admin/web/create
  C:/Oracle/oradata/web
  C:/Oracle/oradata/web/archive

  2、手工创建初始化参数文件c:/oracle/admin/web/pfile/init.ora,内容可以copy别的实例init.ora文件后修改。

  3、手工创建initweb.ora文件,内容::ifile= c:/oracle/admin/web/pfile/init.ora

  4、使用orapwd.exe命令,创建口令文件pwdweb.ora,命令格式如下:
     orapwd.exe  file=c:/oracle/ora90/database/pwdweb.ora  password=ltjsb  entries=5

  5、通过oradim.exe命令,在服务里生成一个新的实例管理服务,启动方式为手工
  set ORACLE_SID=web
  C:/oracle/ora90/bin/oradim -new  -sid WEB -startmode m
  -pfile C:/oracle/ora90/database/initweb.ora

  6、创建数据库,执行createdb.sql脚本命令,
  SQL>sqlplus /nolog
  SQL>connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
  SQL>@Createdb.sql
  Createdb.sql脚本内容如下:
  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/admin/mydb/create/CreateDB.log
  startup nomount pfile="C:/oracle/admin/web/pfile/init.ora";
  CREATE DATABASE web
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  MAXLOGFILES 5
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  MAXDATAFILES 100
  DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('C:/oracle/oradata/web/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
  GROUP 2 ('C:/oracle/oradata/web/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
  GROUP 3 ('C:/oracle/oradata/web/redo03.log') SIZE 100M;
  spool off
  exit;
  注:创建数据库时,执行sql.bsqj脚本命令,此脚本命令创建如下内容:
     创建控制文件和联机日志文件
     创建数据库系统表空system
     在system表空间上创建system系统回滚段
     创建sys和system账号
     创建基表和簇
     创建数据字典表、索引和序列
     创建相关角色权限

  7、创建数据库数据文件,执行脚本createfiles.sql
  SQL>sqlplus /nolog
  SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
  SQL>@createfiles.sql
  Createfiles.sql脚本内容如下:
  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/admin/mydb/create/CreateDBFiles.log
  CREATE TABLESPACE "INDX" LOGGING DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/indx01.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
  CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" TEMPFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/temp01.dbf' SIZE 40M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
  ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";
  CREATE TABLESPACE "TOOLS" LOGGING DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/tools01.dbf' SIZE 10M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  320K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
  CREATE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/users01.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  1280K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
  CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE 'C:/oracle/oradata/web/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  5120K;
  spool off
  exit;

  8、创建数据字典,运行createdbcatalog.sql脚本命令
  SQL>sqlplus /nolog
  SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
  SQL>@createdbcatalog.sql
  Createdbcatalog.sql脚本内容如下:

  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/admin/mydb/create/CreateDBCatalog.log
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catexp7.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/catobtk.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/caths.sql;
  @C:/oracle/ora90/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb;
  connect SYSTEM/manager
  @C:/oracle/ora90/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql;
  connect SYSTEM/manager
  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/ora90/assistants/dbca/logs/sqlPlusHelp.log
  @C:/oracle/ora90/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql;
  spool off
  spool off
  exit;

  9、完善数据库,创建spfile文件,将数据库实例启动服务设置成自动启动方式。
  SQL>sqlplus /nolog
  SQL> connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
  SQL> @postdbcreation.sql
  Postdbcreation.sql脚本内容如下:
  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/admin/web/create/postDBCreation.log
  create spfile='C:/oracle/ora90/database/spfileweb.ora' FROM pfile='C:/oracle/admin/web/init.ora';
  connect SYS/change_on_install as SYSDBA
  set echo on
  spool C:/oracle/ora90/assistants/dbca/logs/postDBCreation.log
  shutdown ;
  startup ;
  注:以上都设置PATH环境变量,将bin目录加入到PATH中以便于使用工具GMGRLl,sqlplus等。

  <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]-->

  ===================================================

  系统环境:
  1、操作系统:Windows 2000 Server,机器内存128M
  2、数据库: Oracle 8i R2 (8.1.6) for NT 企业版
  3、安装路径:D:/ORACLE

  建库步骤:

  1、手工创建相关目录
  D:/Oracle/admin/test
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/adhoc
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/bdump
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/cdump
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/create
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/exp
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile
  D:/Oracle/admin/test/udump

  D:/Oracle/oradata/test
  D:/Oracle/oradata/test/archive

  2、手工创建初始化启动参数文件:D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora,内容:

  3、手工创建D:/Oracle/Ora81/DATABASE/inittest.ora文件,

     内容:IFILE='D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora'

  4、使用orapwd.exe命令,创建D:/Oracle/Ora81/DATABASE/PWDtest.ora

     命令:D:/Oracle/Ora81/bin/orapwd file=D:/Oracle/Ora81/DATABASE/PWDtest.ora password=ORACLE entries=5

  5、通过oradim.exe命令,在服务里生成一个新的实例管理服务,启动方式为手工
     set ORACLE_SID=test
     D:/Oracle/Ora81/bin/oradim -new -sid test -startmode manual -pfile "D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora"

  6、生成各种数据库对象
  D:/>svrmgrl

  --创建数据库
  connect INTERNAL/oracle
  startup nomount pfile="D:/Oracle/admin/test/pfile/inittest.ora"
  CREATE DATABASE test
  LOGFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log' SIZE 2048K,
      'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log' SIZE 2048K,
      'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log' SIZE 2048K
  MAXLOGFILES 32
  MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 58M  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K
  MAXDATAFILES 254
  MAXINSTANCES 1
  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

  控制文件、日志文件在上面语句执行时生成

  
  connect INTERNAL/oracle
  --修改系统表空间
  ALTER TABLESPACE SYSTEM DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 64K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 50);
  ALTER TABLESPACE SYSTEM MINIMUM EXTENT 64K;

  --创建回滚表空间
  CREATE TABLESPACE RBS DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/rbs01.dbf' SIZE 256M REUSE
          AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K
          MINIMUM EXTENT 512K
          DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 512K NEXT 512K MINEXTENTS 8 MAXEXTENTS 4096);

  --创建用户表空间
  CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf' SIZE 128M REUSE
          AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K
          MINIMUM EXTENT 128K
          DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 128K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);

  --创建临时表空间
  CREATE TABLESPACE TEMP DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' SIZE 32M REUSE
          AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K
          MINIMUM EXTENT 64K
          DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 64K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 0) TEMPORARY;

  --创建工具表空间
  CREATE TABLESPACE TOOLS DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/tools01.dbf' SIZE 64M REUSE
          AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 320K
          MINIMUM EXTENT 32K
          DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 32K NEXT 32K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);

  --创建索引表空间
  CREATE TABLESPACE INDX DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle/oradata/test/indx01.dbf' SIZE 32M REUSE
          AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1280K
          MINIMUM EXTENT 128K
          DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 128K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 4096 PCTINCREASE 0);

  --创建回滚段
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS0 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS1 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS2 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS3 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS4 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS5 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS6 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS7 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS8 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS9 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS10 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS11 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS12 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS13 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS14 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS15 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS16 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS17 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS18 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS19 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS20 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS21 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS22 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS23 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );
  CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RBS24 TABLESPACE RBS STORAGE ( OPTIMAL 4096K );

  --使回滚段在线
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS0" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS1" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS2" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS3" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS4" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS5" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS6" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS7" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS8" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS9" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS10" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS11" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS12" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS13" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS14" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS15" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS16" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS17" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS18" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS19" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS20" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS21" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS22" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS23" ONLINE;
  ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RBS24" ONLINE;

  --修改sys用户的临时表空间为TEMP
  alter user sys temporary tablespace TEMP;

  --创建数据字典表
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/Rdbms/admin/catalog.sql;
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/Rdbms/admin/catexp7.sql
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/Rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/Rdbms/admin/caths.sql

  connect system/manager
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

  connect internal/oracle
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/Rdbms/admin/catrep.sql
  exit

  --生成SQL*Plus帮助系统
  sqlplus SYSTEM/manager
  @D:/Oracle/Ora81/sqlplus/admin/help/helpbld.sql helpus.sql
  exit

  --修改system用户默认表空间和临时表空间
  svrmgrl
  connect internal/oracle
  alter user system default tablespace TOOLS;
  alter user system temporary tablespace TEMP;
  exit

  7、将test实例启动服务设置成自动启动方式
  D:/Oracle/Ora81/bin/oradim -edit -sid test -startmode auto
 

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