使用RMAN增量更新备份实现快速还原

OS：Oracle Linux
DB: Oracle 11.2.0.4.0

增量更新备份：先做一个完整的映像备份，然后定期做增量更新备份，并将其应用到之前的完整映像备份，以获得更新版备份。还原时直接切换到映像备份。

备份前最好设置RMAN的autobackup，可能需要恢复控制文件。

在归档模式下的操作：

第一次备份：

RMAN下执行

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'FLASH' database plus archivelog;

# 备份映像默认在FRA中的datafile目录下

第一次将会做完整映像备份。

第二次：

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag 'FLASH' database plus archivelog;
   
2. recover copy of database with tag 'FLASH';

测试还原：
先启动到mount模式，再切换数据库，进入RMAN

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. shutdown immediate
   
2. startup mount
   
3. switch database to copy;

接下来，因为是在归档模式下，所以需要对数据库recover，相关参考：http://blog.itpub.net/22621861/viewspace-1685967/

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. run {
   set until sequence 7 thread 1;
   recover database;
   alter database open resetlogs;
   }

此时，如果在RMAN下reporte obsolete，原来的数据文件将作为过期的映像备份，可以delete obsolete删除。

---

重新切换回原来的数据文件路径

先做映像备份

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1. RMAN> backup as copy database format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/%U.dbf'

启动到mount模式，切换数据库

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. RMAN> shutdown immediate
   
2. RMAN> startup mount
   
3. RMAN> switch database to copy;

recover，open

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. RMAN> recover database;
   
2. RMAN> alter database open;

另外，建议验证备份

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1. RMAN> validate datafilecopy all;

Starting validate at 2016-04-01 10:50:03
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting validation of datafile
channel ORA_DISK_1: including datafile copy of datafile 00005 in backup set
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sh_chspst8m_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: including datafile copy of datafile 00004 in backup set
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_chspy1xh_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: including datafile copy of datafile 00001 in backup set
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_chspzhjs_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: including datafile copy of datafile 00002 in backup set
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_chsq095k_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: including datafile copy of datafile 00003 in backup set
input file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_chsq12rn_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: validation complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
1    OK     0              16052        41600           4410291   
  File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_chspzhjs_.dbf
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              16866           
  Index      0              5514            
  Other      0              3168            


File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
2    OK     0              4459         41600           4410083   
  File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_chsq095k_.dbf
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              16335           
  Index      0              15214           
  Other      0              5592            


File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
3    OK     0              1            34816           4410289   
  File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_chsq12rn_.dbf
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              0               
  Index      0              0               
  Other      0              34815           


File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
4    OK     0              63873        64000           3153      
  File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_chspy1xh_.dbf
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              0               
  Index      0              0               
  Other      0              127             


File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN
---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ----------
5    OK     0              19125        239232          4409306   
  File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sh_chspst8m_.dbf
  Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed
  ---------- -------------- ----------------
  Data       0              179405          
  Index      0              38502           
  Other      0              2200            


Finished validate at 2016-04-01 10:50:29

最后，可以delete obsolete，删除过期备份。

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