一、基本概念
阻塞:
非阻塞:
客户端和服务端建立的通道,都会注册到选择器。选择器会实时监控各个通道的状态。如果当某一个通道的某一个请求,完全准备就绪时,选择器才会将这个任务分配到服务端的一个或多个线程上去执行。
二、阻塞式
FileChannel不能切换成非阻塞式的。只有网络Channel才能切换成非阻塞式的。选择器用于监控网络Channel。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import org.junit.Test;
/*
* 一、使用 NIO 完成网络通信的三个核心:
*
* 1. 通道(Channel):负责连接
*
* java.nio.channels.Channel 接口:
* |--SelectableChannel
* |--SocketChannel
* |--ServerSocketChannel
* |--DatagramChannel
*
* |--Pipe.SinkChannel
* |--Pipe.SourceChannel
*
* 2. 缓冲区(Buffer):负责数据的存取
*
* 3. 选择器(Selector):是 SelectableChannel 的多路复用器。用于监控 SelectableChannel 的 IO 状况
*
*/
public class TestBlockingNIO {
//客户端
@Test
public void client() throws IOException{
//1. 获取通道
SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("1.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
//2. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//3. 读取本地文件,并发送到服务端
while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//4. 关闭通道
inChannel.close();
sChannel.close();
}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
//1. 获取通道
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("2.jpg"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
//2. 绑定连接
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
//3. 获取客户端连接的通道
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
//4. 分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//5. 接收客户端的数据,并保存到本地
while(sChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip();
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//6. 关闭通道
sChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
ssChannel.close();
}
}
服务端增加一个响应信息
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
public class TestBlockingNIO2 {
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:\\a.txt"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
while (inChannel.read(buf) != -1) {
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//这行不加的话,线程会阻塞
sChannel.shutdownOutput();
//接收服务端的反馈
int len = 0;
while ((len = sChannel.read(buf)) != -1) {
buf.flip();
System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
buf.clear();
}
inChannel.close();
sChannel.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:\\b.txt"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (sChannel.read(buf) != -1) {
buf.flip();
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//发送反馈给客户端
buf.put("服务端接收数据成功".getBytes());
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
sChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
ssChannel.close();
}
}
三、非阻塞式
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TestNonBlockingNIO {
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.获取通道
SocketChannel sChannel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9898));
//2.切换成非阻塞模式
sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//3.分配指定大小的缓冲区
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
//4.发送数据给服务端
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
while (scan.hasNext()) {
String str = scan.next();
buf.put((new Date().toString() + "\n" + str).getBytes());
buf.flip();
sChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
//5.关闭通道
sChannel.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.获取通道
ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//2.切换成非阻塞模式
ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//3.绑定连接
ssChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(9898));
//4.获取选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//5.将通道注册到选择器上,并且指监听事件(接收事件)
ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
//6.轮询式的获取选择器上已经“准备就绪”的事件
while (selector.select() > 0) {
//7.获取当前选择器中所有注册的“选择键(已就绪的监听事件)”
Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
//8.获取准备“就绪”的事件
SelectionKey sk = it.next();
//9.判断具体是什么事件准备就绪
if (sk.isAcceptable()) {
//10.若“接收就绪”,获取客户端连接
SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel.accept();
//11.切换成非阻塞模式
sChannel.configureBlocking(false);
//12.将该通道注册到选择器上
sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (sk.isReadable()) {
//13.获取当前选择器上“读就绪”状态的通道
SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) sk.channel();
//14.读取数据
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int len = 0;
while ((len = sChannel.read(buf)) > 0) {
buf.flip();
System.out.println(new String(buf.array(), 0, len));
buf.clear();
}
}
//15.取消选择键SelectionKey
it.remove();
}
}
}
}
上面这个例子在idea2017中,如果@Test里面运行,控制台无法输入。可以在main方法中运行。