03-013 更改oracle字符集报错 error: ora-12712

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#oracle字符集

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本文详细记录了在Oracle数据库中更改字符集的过程，包括关闭数据库、启动到挂载状态、设置SQL跟踪、启用受限会话、调整系统参数、打开数据库、修改字符集并重启数据库的完整步骤。

sqlplus / as sysdba
或者conn /as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
set linesize 120;
alter database character set zhs16gbk;

RROR at line 1:
　　ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE zhs16gbk;

ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=FALSE;

shutdown immediate;

STARTUP

select * from nls_database_parameters;

执行步骤如下

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2254952 bytes
Variable Size             620758936 bytes
Database Buffers         1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers                4923392 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;

Session altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> set linesize 120;

SQL> alter database character set zhs16gbk;
alter database character set zhs16gbk
*
ERROR at line 1:
　　ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE zhs16gbk;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=FALSE;

Session altered.


SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.


SQL> STARTUP
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2137886720 bytes
Fixed Size                  2254952 bytes
Variable Size             620758936 bytes
Database Buffers         1509949440 bytes
Redo Buffers                4923392 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY                   $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET              ZHS16GBK
NLS_CALENDAR                   GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT                DD-MON-RR
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE              AMERICAN
NLS_SORT                       BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT                HH.MI.SSXFF AM

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT           DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT             HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY              $
NLS_COMP                       BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS           BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP            FALSE
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION              11.2.0.4.0

20 rows selected.