==和equals的总结,防止遗忘

本文通过实例详细解析了Java中使用==与equals方法比较字符串的区别。==用于判断是否引用同一对象,而equals则比较对象内容是否相等,特别是针对String类型的对象。
  1. 对于==:

    比较的是基本数据类型的话,就是比较的是两个变量的值。

    int num1 = 50;
    int num2 = 50;
    System.out.println(num1 == num2); //true

    比较的是引用类型的话,就是比较两个是否引用了同一个对象。

    String s1=new String("abc");   
    //在堆内存开辟一块空间存放"abc"这一字符串,并在栈内存开辟一块名为s1的空间指向"abc"

    String s2=new String("abc");
    //又在堆内存开辟一块空间存放"abc"这一字符串,又在栈内存开辟一块名为s2的空间指向"abc"这个对象,与s1的指向不同

    String s3="abc"; 
    //在常量池中找是否有"abc"这个字符串,如果没有就开辟一块,并在栈中开辟一块名为s3的空间指向"abc"

    String s4="abc"; 
    //在常量池中找是否有"abc"这个字符串,已经找到,直接指向s3这块空间

    System.out.println(s1==s2); //false
    System.out.println(s2==s3);//false
    System.out.println(s3==s4);//ftrue
  2. 对于equals:

    当没有重写object的equals方法时,即直接调用object.equals时,与==号比较引用类型一样,比较的是否为同一个对象

    Scanner sc1=new Scanner(System.in);
    Scanner sc2=new Scanner(System.in);
    Scanner sc=sc1;
    System.out.println(sc1.equals(sc2));//false
    System.out.println(sc1.equals(sc));//true


    当重写了equals方法的话,比较的是所指向对象的属性
    String s0=new String("abc");
    String s1="abc";  
    String s2="abc";
    String s3=new String("abc");

    System.out.println(s0.equals(s1));//true
    System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));//true
    System.out.println(s1.equals(s3));//true
    System.out.println(s0.equals(s3));//true


    以上都是自己敲代码总结的,如果有什么错误,希望前辈些指导一下。
     
我的意思并不是说在home界面就请求定位权限,而是点击搜索按钮之后弹出使用该功能需请求定位权限。要不然的话,这个软件一点开如果拒绝了定位权限连home界面都进不去,而我进入map界面的请求定位权限流程已经完善的很完美了,所以就是说我如果是在map中搜索就不需要再请求一次了,只是home中搜索才需要单独请求定位权限。只不过请求定位权限的流程我希望与进入map的流程一模一样,而这个流程是在MainActivity中写的。刚刚各部分代码已经提供给你了,我还没有做出任何的修改,包括你说要添加的那几项。现在我将这些代码再次给你提供一遍,以免你遗忘,还是一样,我不希望改变已有的内容,仅做添加即可。AndroidManifest.xml代码如下: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" package="com.example.bus"> <!-- 获取精确位置(GPS + 网络) --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /> <!-- 获取粗略位置 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /> <!-- 请求后台定位权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" /> <!-- 访问网络状态 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /> <!-- 读取设备状态(用于生成设备标识) --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" /> <!-- 使用 GPS --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" /> <application android:name=".MyApplication" android:allowBackup="true" android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules" android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/Theme.Bus"> <!-- 高德地图 API Key --> <meta-data android:name="com.amap.api.v2.apikey" android:value="a487b8aa9be4ecdcb101a04a9eecff8a" /> <activity android:name=".AboutActivity" android:exported="false" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity" /> <activity android:name=".SurveyActivity" android:label="用户调研" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"> <meta-data android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY" android:value=".MainActivity" /> </activity> <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:exported="true" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest> MainActivity.java代码如下:package com.example.bus; import android.Manifest; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; import androidx.navigation.NavController; import androidx.navigation.Navigation; import androidx.navigation.ui.AppBarConfiguration; import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI; import com.example.bus.databinding.ActivityMainBinding; import com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ActivityMainBinding binding; private static final String SAVED_NAV_ID = "saved_nav_id"; private static final int LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1001; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // ✅ 添加日志:查看冷启动时权限是否已被系统撤销 Log.d("PERMISSION_DEBUG", "onCreate: FINE_LOCATION_GRANTED = " + (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)); binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater()); setContentView(binding.getRoot()); BottomNavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view); AppBarConfiguration appBarConfiguration = new AppBarConfiguration.Builder( R.id.navigation_home, R.id.navigation_map, R.id.navigation_settings) .build(); NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.nav_host_fragment_activity_main); NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController, appBarConfiguration); NavigationUI.setupWithNavController(navView, navController); // ✅ 更新底部导航逻辑 navView.setOnItemSelectedListener(item -> { int itemId = item.getItemId(); if (itemId == R.id.navigation_map) { ensureFineLocationPermission(() -> { if (navController.getCurrentDestination().getId() != R.id.navigation_map) { navController.navigate(R.id.navigation_map); } }); return true; } navController.navigate(itemId); return true; }); // 恢复上次选中的底部菜单项 if (savedInstanceState != null) { int savedId = savedInstanceState.getInt(SAVED_NAV_ID, R.id.navigation_home); navView.setSelectedItemId(savedId); } } // ✅ 新增:通用权限保障方法(所有进地图前都必须走这里) public void ensureFineLocationPermission(Runnable onGranted) { boolean hasFine = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; if (hasFine) { onGranted.run(); // 权限存在,直接执行 } else { requestFineLocationPermission(onGranted); // 否则发起请求 } } /** * 请求精确定位权限(带解释说明) */ private void requestFineLocationPermission(Runnable onGranted) { boolean hasFine = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; if (hasFine) { onGranted.run(); return; } if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) { new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("需要精确定位权限") .setMessage("为了准确查找您附近的公交站点车辆位置,本应用需要获取您的精确位置。\n否则将无法使用地图相关功能。\n\n请务必选择【允许】或【仅限这一次】。") .setPositiveButton("去允许", (d, w) -> requestFineLocation()) .setNegativeButton("取消", null) .show(); } else { requestFineLocation(); } } private void requestFineLocation() { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE); } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) { boolean hasFine = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; if (hasFine) { Toast.makeText(this, "已获得精确定位权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); navigateToMapIfNeeded(); } else { boolean hasCoarse = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; if (hasCoarse) { new AlertDialog.Builder(this) .setTitle("需要精确位置") .setMessage("检测到您使用的是【大致位置】,这会导致地图功能无法正常使用。\n\n" + "请在设置中将定位权限修改为【精确位置】。") .setPositiveButton("去设置", (d, w) -> openAppSettings()) .setNegativeButton("取消", null) .show(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "定位权限未授予,无法使用地图功能", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } } } private void navigateToMapIfNeeded() { NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.nav_host_fragment_activity_main); if (navController.getCurrentDestination().getId() != R.id.navigation_map) { navController.navigate(R.id.navigation_map); } } private void openAppSettings() { Intent intent = new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS); intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName())); startActivity(intent); } @Override protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); BottomNavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view); outState.putInt(SAVED_NAV_ID, navView.getSelectedItemId()); } } activity_main.xml代码如下:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:id="@+id/container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:fitsSystemWindows="true" android:background="@color/black"> <!-- 替代原来的 paddingTop --> <com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView android:id="@+id/nav_view" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" app:menu="@menu/bottom_nav_menu" /> <fragment android:id="@+id/nav_host_fragment_activity_main" android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" app:defaultNavHost="true" app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/nav_view" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" app:navGraph="@navigation/mobile_navigation" /> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout> fragment_map.xml代码如下:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".ui.map.MapFragment" android:fitsSystemWindows="true" android:background="@color/surface_background"> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline android:id="@+id/guideline_top_offset" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal" app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.015" /> <!-- 🔹 起点输入框 --> <EditText android:id="@+id/map_input1" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="48dp" android:hint="请输入起点" android:textColorHint="#777777" android:textColor="@color/black" android:background="@drawable/rounded_edittext" android:padding="12dp" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="32dp" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/guideline_search" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/guideline_top_offset" /> <!-- 🔹 终点输入框 --> <EditText android:id="@+id/map_input2" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="48dp" android:hint="请输入终点" android:textColorHint="#777777" android:textColor="@color/black" android:background="@drawable/rounded_edittext" android:padding="12dp" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/guideline_search" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/map_input1" /> <!-- ✅ 分割线:75% 处(原样保留) --> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline android:id="@+id/guideline_search" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical" app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.75" /> <!-- 🔍 搜索按钮:纵向拉高,覆盖两个输入框 --> <Button android:id="@+id/map_search" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="0dp" android:text="搜索" android:textSize="16sp" android:gravity="center" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/guideline_search" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/map_input1" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/map_input2" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" /> <!-- 🗺️ 地图视图:从终点输入框下方开始,延伸到底部 --> <com.amap.api.maps.MapView android:id="@+id/map_view" android:text="Bus-1.0" android:textColor="#777777" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="0dp" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/map_input2" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" android:layout_marginTop="4dp" android:layout_marginBottom="0dp"/> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout> fragment_home.xml代码如下:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".ui.home.HomeFragment" android:fitsSystemWindows="true" android:background="@color/surface_background"> <!-- 🔍 输入框 --> <EditText android:id="@+id/home_input" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="请输入需要查询的公交线路或站点" android:textColorHint="#777777" android:textColor="@color/black" android:background="@drawable/rounded_edittext" android:minHeight="48dp" android:textSize="16sp" android:padding="12dp" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/home_search" app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:layout_marginTop="88dp" /> <!-- 🔎 搜索按钮 --> <Button android:id="@+id/home_search" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="搜索" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/home_input" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/home_input" app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/home_input" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" /> <!-- 🚌 图片:居中偏上 --> <ImageView android:id="@+id/image_bus" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:scaleType="fitCenter" android:src="@drawable/bus" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/home_input" app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/text_home" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" android:layout_marginTop="144dp" android:layout_marginBottom="144dp"/> <!-- ℹ️ 底部说明文字 --> <TextView android:id="@+id/text_home" android:textColor="#777777" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="8dp" android:layout_marginEnd="8dp" android:textAlignment="center" android:textSize="11sp" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/image_bus" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent" /> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout> MapFragment.java代码如下:package com.example.bus.ui.map; import android.Manifest; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment; import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider; import com.amap.api.maps.MapView; import com.amap.api.maps.AMap; import com.amap.api.maps.model.LatLng; //import com.example.bus.R; //import com.example.bus.databinding.FragmentMapBinding; import com.amap.api.maps.CameraUpdateFactory; import com.amap.api.maps.UiSettings; import com.example.bus.R; import com.example.bus.databinding.FragmentMapBinding; // MapView 已在 XML 中声明,无需额外 import(会自动识别) public class MapFragment extends Fragment { private FragmentMapBinding binding; private MapView mapView; // 高德地图视图 private AMap aMap; // 地图控制器 private boolean isFirstLocationSet = false; // 防止反复跳转 @Override public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // 初始化 ViewModel ViewBinding binding = FragmentMapBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false); View root = binding.getRoot(); //绑定 MapView mapView = root.findViewById(R.id.map_view); mapView.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // 必须调用生命周期方法 // 初始化地图 initMap(); return root; } /** * 初始化地图 */ private void initMap() { if (aMap == null) { aMap = mapView.getMap(); UiSettings uiSettings = aMap.getUiSettings(); uiSettings.setZoomControlsEnabled(true); // 显示缩放按钮 uiSettings.setCompassEnabled(true); // 显示指南针 uiSettings.setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false); // 我们自己控制定位行为 } } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); //每次恢复可见时都检查权限状态 mapView.onResume(); // ✅ 直接开启定位图层(信任 MainActivity 的判断) if (aMap != null) { aMap.setMyLocationEnabled(true); // 只第一次进入时移动相机 if (!isFirstLocationSet) { LatLng defaultLoc = new LatLng(39.909186, 116.397411); aMap.moveCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(defaultLoc, 12f)); isFirstLocationSet = true; } } } @Override public void onPause() { super.onPause(); mapView.onPause(); } @Override public void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); if (mapView != null) { mapView.onDestroy(); } binding = null; } @Override public void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); mapView.onSaveInstanceState(outState); } } HomeFragment.java代码如下: package com.example.bus.ui.home; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment; import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider; import com.example.bus.databinding.FragmentHomeBinding; public class HomeFragment extends Fragment { private FragmentHomeBinding binding; public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { com.example.bus.ui.home.HomeViewModel homeViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(com.example.bus.ui.home.HomeViewModel.class); binding = FragmentHomeBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false); View root = binding.getRoot(); final TextView textView = binding.textHome; homeViewModel.getText().observe(getViewLifecycleOwner(), textView::setText); return root; } @Override public void onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView(); binding = null; } } build.gradle.kts代码如下: plugins { alias(libs.plugins.android.application) } android { namespace = "com.example.bus" compileSdk = 36 defaultConfig { applicationId = "com.example.bus" minSdk = 24 targetSdk = 36 versionCode = 1 versionName = "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { isMinifyEnabled = false proguardFiles( getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro" ) } } compileOptions { sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11 targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11 } buildFeatures { viewBinding = true } } dependencies { implementation(files("libs/AMap3DMap_10.1.500_AMapNavi_10.1.500_AMapSearch_9.7.4_AMapLocation_6.5.0_20250814.aar")) implementation(libs.appcompat) implementation(libs.material) implementation(libs.constraintlayout) implementation(libs.lifecycle.livedata.ktx) implementation(libs.lifecycle.viewmodel.ktx) implementation(libs.navigation.fragment) implementation(libs.navigation.ui) implementation(libs.play.services.maps) implementation(libs.recyclerview) testImplementation(libs.junit) androidTestImplementation(libs.ext.junit) androidTestImplementation(libs.espresso.core) } 现在就是说我的各部分应该都准备就绪了吧,接下来我的想法是home_fragment点击搜索后先跳转到界面1,显示搜索的信息,包含公交线路、站点等,然后做一个按钮显示“到这去”,点击按钮后就跳转到界面2显示从“我的位置”到达“搜索位置”的公交方案。map_fragment点击搜索后直接跳转到界面2显示从起点到终点的公交方案。只不过就是在home界面点击搜索之后弹出那个请求定位权限的框
最新发布
11-01
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