四、为安装Oracle 11g Release 2 RAC集群系统建立用户和组,并建立安装目录
在Oracle 11g Release 2中建立用户和组与之前版本有所不同,第二版中Oracle在官方文档中建议分别针对Grid网格组件和Database数据库建立不同的用户,grid和oracle用户。安装Grid组件时要用grid用户(管理Oracle Clusterware和ASM),安装Database数据库软件及建立集群数据库时用oracle用户。如果只使用一个用户,在执行管理任务时还要改变环境变量$ORACLE_HOME的值(如:ASM在Grid的主目录中,database则在Oracle主目录中);如使用命令sqlplus、lsnrctl或asmcmd来管理数据库实例(Instance),$ORACLE_HOME设置不对都会引起错误。
下面列出用户和用户组的对应关系
用户组 | 所属该组的用户 | 用户组描述 | |
oinstall | grid, oracle | Oracle Inventory and Software Owner | |
dba | grid, oracle | Database Administrator | |
asmadmin | grid | Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group | |
asmdba | grid, oracle | ASM Database Administrator Group | |
asmoper | grid | ASM Operator Group | |
oper | oracle | Database Operator |
1.建立用户组和用户,用以下命令创建用户组及用户(两个RAC节点都创建):
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1000 oinstall
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1100 asmadmin
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1200 dba
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1201 oper
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1300 asmdba
-bash-3.00# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1301 asmoper
继续建立用户,并设置密码
-bash-3.00# useradd -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /export/home/grid -s /usr/bin/bash -c "Grid Infrastructure Owner" grid
-bash-3.00# passwd grid
New Password: grid (系统提示输入新密码,输入grid后回车)
Re-enter new Password: grid (再次输入grid后回车)
passwd: password successfully changed for grid
-bash-3.00# useradd -u 1101 -g oinstall -G asmdba,dba,oper -d /export/home/oracle -s /usr/bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle
-bash-3.00# passwd oracle
New Password: oracle (系统提示输入新密码,输入oracle后回车)
Re-enter new Password: oracle(再次输入grid后回车)
passwd: password successfully changed for oracle
注意:grid和oracle两个用户的主组都是oinstall,grid的附属组是dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oracle的附属组是asmdba,dba,oper。
修改用户使用usermod命令,比如果要修改用户的附属组,就使用命令-bash-3.00# usermod -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
删除用户的命令是 userdel 用户名
2.给两个用户设置环境变量
(1) 给grid用户设置环境变量
-bash-3.00# su - grid
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
-bash-3.00$ vi .profile (grid用户的家目录是 /export/home/grid,.profile文件在这个目录下)
在其中添加以下内容,注意是以RAC节点1为例,在节点2上要写ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
# ORACLE_SID (节点2上要写ORACLE_SID=+ASM2)
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
# ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_BASE
# ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
# JAVA_HOME (使用Oracle自带的jdk版本)
JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk; export JAVA_HOME
# ORACLE_PATH
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH
# ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
# NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
# TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
# ORA_NLS11
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
# PATH
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# CLASSPATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
# THREADS_FLAG
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
# UMASK
umask 022
(完)
(2) 给oracle用户设置环境变量
-bash-3.00# su - oracle
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005
-bash-3.00$ vi .profile (oracle用户的家目录是 /export/home/oracle,.profile文件在这个目录下)
在其中添加以下内容,注意是以RAC节点1为例,在节点2上要写ORACLE_SID=racdb2
# ORACLE_SID (节点2上要写ORACLE_SID=racdb2)
ORACLE_SID=racdb1; export ORACLE_SID
# ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
# ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
# ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
# JAVA_HOME (使用Oracle自带的jdk版本)
JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk; export JAVA_HOME
# ORACLE_PATH
ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH
# ORACLE_TERM
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
# NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
# TNS_ADMIN
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
# ORA_NLS11
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
# PATH
PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# CLASSPATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
# THREADS_FLAG
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
# TEMP, TMP, and TMPDIR
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
# UMASK
umask 022
stty erase ^H
(完)
3.建立安装目录
在两个RAC节点执行以下命令,建立安装目录
-bash-3.00# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
-bash-3.00# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
-bash-3.00# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
-bash-3.00# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
-bash-3.00# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
-bash-3.00# chmod -R 775 /u01
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/26712/viewspace-1031701/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/26712/viewspace-1031701/