PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数[转eygle]-优快云博客

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数的变更[@more@]

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数的变更

2007-04-10 10:45

从Oracle9i开始,Oracle引入了自动PGA管理的新特型,PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数用于控制PGA的总体期望目标:

$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Apr 6 16:40:13 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.   All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> show parameter pga

NAME                                  TYPE         VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target                  big integer 1073741824
SQL>

但是在Oracle9i中，PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数仅对专用服务器模式下（Dedicated Server）的专属连接有效，对共享服务器（Shared Server）连接无效；从Oracle10g开始PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET对专用服务器连接和共享服务器连接同时生效。
一、pga

伴随自动PGA调整新特性的引入,Oracle随之引入了一系列新的视图,V$PGASTAT就是其中的一个.
在V$PGASTAT中有这样一个条目: global memory bound ,该条目记录数据库允许的最高PGA内存使用量,我们可以从不同的PGA参数设置来观察一下Oracle运行的PGA上限.

SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=&Nm;
Enter value for nm: 10m
old 1: alter system set pga_aggregate_target=&Nm
new 1: alter system set pga_aggregate_target=10m

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
SQL> SET autotrace traceonly
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000;

20000 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:03:04.12

…….
SQL> SET autotrace off
SQL> SELECT sql_text, operation_type, POLICY, last_memory_used / 1024 / 1024,
2 last_execution, last_tempseg_size
3 FROM v$sql l, v$sql_workarea a
4 WHERE l.hash_value = a.hash_value
5 AND sql_text = 'SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000';

SQL_TEXT OPERATION_TYPE POLIC
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ -----
LAST_MEMORY_USED/1024/1024 LAST_EXE LAST_TEMPSEG_SIZE
-------------------------- -------- -----------------
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000 GROUP BY (SORT) AUTO
.548828125 206 PASSES 62914560

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
SQL>
SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 10
global memory bound .5

SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=&Nm;
Enter value for nm: 30M
old 1: alter system set pga_aggregate_target=&Nm
new 1: alter system set pga_aggregate_target=30M

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
SQL> SET autotrace traceonly
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000;

20000 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:53.30
………..
SQL> SET autotrace off
SQL> SELECT sql_text, operation_type, POLICY, last_memory_used / 1024 / 1024,
2 last_execution, last_tempseg_size
3 FROM v$sql l, v$sql_workarea a
4 WHERE l.hash_value = a.hash_value
5 AND sql_text = 'SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000';

SQL_TEXT OPERATION_TYPE POLIC LAST_MEMORY_USED/1024/1024
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----- --------------------------
LAST_EXECUTION LAST_TEMPSEG_SIZE
-------------------- -----------------
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM t WHERE ROWNUM < 500000 GROUP BY (SORT) AUTO 1.48046875
6 PASSES 57671680

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
SQL>
SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 30
global memory bound 1.5

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

我们可以注意到,PGA的global memory bound会一直处在5%的PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数设置,直到5% PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET超过100M,然后global memory bound被限制为100M,也就是满足我们前文提到的:

对于串行操作，单个SQL操作能够使用的PGA内存按照以下原则分配：
MIN（5% PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET，100MB）

注意,修改PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET参数可以使用如下命令:
alter system set pga_aggregate_target=4096M ;

修改参数后,通常需要之行操作才能看到视图信息的变化:

SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 10
global memory bound .5

SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 20
global memory bound 1

SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 40
global memory bound 2

SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 1024
global memory bound 51.1992188

SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 4096
global memory bound 100

实际上这个100M的上限是受到了另外一个隐含参数的控制,该参数为_pga_max_size,该参数的缺省值为200M,单进程串行操作PGA的上限不能超过该参数的1/2.
SQL> SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
2 FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
3 WHERE x.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
4 AND y.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
5 AND x.indx = y.indx
6 AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%&par%'
7 /
Enter value for par: pga_max
old 6: AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%&par%'
new 6: AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%pga_max%'

NAME VALUE DESCRIB
--------------------------------------------- ---------------- ---
_pga_max_size 209715200 Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process

如果我们修改该参数, global memory bound将可以突破100M的上限:

SQL> alter system set "_pga_max_size"=400M;

System altered.
……………………
SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE / 1024 / 1024 MB
2 FROM v$pgastat
3 WHERE NAME IN ('aggregate PGA target parameter', 'global memory bound');

NAME MB
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
aggregate PGA target parameter 4096
global memory bound 200

对于PGA的控制,还有一系列的内部参数,列举如下,仅供参考:

SQL> l
1 SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
2 FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
3 WHERE x.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
4 AND y.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
5 AND x.indx = y.indx
6* AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%&par%'
SQL> /
Enter value for par: smm
old 6: AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%&par%'
new 6: AND x.ksppinm LIKE '%smm%'

NAME VALUE DESCRIB
------------------------ ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------
_smm_auto_min_io_size 56 Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_max_io_size 248 Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_cost_enabled TRUE if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_control 0 provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_trace 0 Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smm_min_size 128 minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_max_size 2560 maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_px_max_size 15360 maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_bound 0 overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_advice_log_size 0 overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_advice_enabled TRUE if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice

11 rows selected.