1. Linux Kernel Power Management Overview

本文介绍了Linux内核支持的两种主要电源管理策略:静态电源管理和动态电源管理。静态电源管理适用于设备长时间不使用的情况,如手机待机;而动态电源管理则针对设备在活跃或短暂不活动的状态。

电源管理的目标

在给定的系统状态、配置和使用场景中,消耗尽可能少的功率

Linux 两种电源管理策略

Docs » The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide » Power Management » Power Management Strategies

Linux 内核支持两种主要的高级电源管理策略:

Static Power Management

用于设备处于 Inactive 状态。即长时间不使用设备时,比如:手机息屏后待机场景。

这种策略基整个系统的全局低功耗状态,在这种状态下用户空间代码无法执行并且整个系统活动显著减少,称为睡眠状态(包括:freeze,standby,mem,disk 5种状态)。 当用户空间请求时,内核将系统置于这些状态之一,并且系统停留在其中,直到从指定设备之一接收到特殊信号(比如 Alarm 或 Modem 硬件中断),触发转换到用户空间代码可以运行的工作状态。因为睡眠状态是全局的,并且整个系统都会受到状态变化的影响,所以这种策略也被称为 system-wide power management (系统范围的电源管理)。

Dynamic Power Management

用于设备处于 Active 或 Idle 状态。即正在使用设备运行某些程序或者处于短暂的 Inactive 时

这种策略也被称为 working-state power management (工作状态电源管理),在工作状态下,会根据需要调整系统的各个硬件组件的电源状态。因此,如果使用这种策略,系统的工作状态通常不对应于它的任何特定物理配置,而是可以被视为涵盖系统的一系列不同电源状态的元状态,其中各个组件它可以是 active活动的(使用中)或inactive非活动的(空闲)。如果它们处于活动状态,则它们必须处于允许它们处理数据并被软件访问的电源状态。反过来,如果它们处于非活动状态,理想情况下,它们应该处于可能无法访问的低功耗状态。

​参考

[1] http://events17.linuxfoundation.org/sites/events/files/slides/Intro_Kernel_PM.pdf

[2] https://static.linaro.org/connect/yvr18/presentations/yvr18-221.pdf

[3] Power Management Strategies

### Windows 11 Kernel-Power 41 Event Overview Kernel-Power 41 events occur when the system experiences a sudden loss of power or an unexpected shutdown, which can be caused by hardware issues such as faulty batteries or power supplies, software conflicts, driver problems, or operating system errors[^1]. ### Common Causes of Kernel-Power 41 Events One common cause is related to battery management where the system might not correctly interpret low battery signals leading to abrupt shutdowns. Another frequent issue involves malfunctioning drivers that may fail during critical operations causing instability in the system's power state transitions. Additionally, overheating components within the computer could trigger protective mechanisms resulting in unplanned reboots. ### Solutions for Resolving Kernel-Power 41 Issues To address these concerns effectively: #### Update Drivers Ensure all device drivers are up-to-date since outdated versions can lead to compatibility issues affecting stability. This includes graphics cards, network adapters, and especially chipset drivers provided by motherboard manufacturers. ```powershell Get-WindowsUpdateLog | Select-String -Pattern "Driver" ``` #### Check Power Settings Review current power settings ensuring they do not aggressively reduce performance levels under load conditions potentially triggering thermal throttling scenarios. ```powershell powercfg /list ``` #### Inspect Hardware Components Physically examine internal parts like RAM modules, cooling fans, heat sinks, etc., verifying proper installation without physical damage signs indicating potential failure points needing replacement. #### Analyze System Logs Utilize built-in tools such as Event Viewer focusing on entries around times corresponding with occurrence instances providing clues towards underlying faults requiring attention. ```powershell Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='System'; Id=41} ```
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