RAC Install for Linux As 5

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 17:47:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 17:47:41 发布

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文章标签：数据库运维操作系统

本文提供了一个详细的RAC安装步骤指南，包括磁盘分区、用户组配置、操作系统参数调整、SSH配置、集群软件安装等关键环节，并针对安装过程中可能出现的问题提供了相应的解决方案。

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RAC安装：
1.检查双机中可用的磁盘和盘符：

#fdisk -l

以下是本机中可以使用的磁盘
Disk /dev/sdd: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes
Disk /dev/sdg: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes
Disk /dev/sdh: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes
Disk /dev/sdi: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes

2.准备磁盘

我们对/dev/sdd 的6G磁盘进行划分，划分成出2块256M的磁盘作为votedisk和ocr盘
一次输入下列命令：
操作如下：
[root@nccpxdb3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1019, default 1): 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1019, default 1019): +256M

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (43-1019, default 43):
Using default value 43
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (43-1019, default 1019): +256M

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@nccpxdb3 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdd

Disk /dev/sdd: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes
199 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1019 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 12338 * 512 = 6317056 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sdd1               1          42      259067   83 Linux
/dev/sdd2              43          84      259098   83 Linux

把划分好的磁盘和剩余的磁盘绑定成raw设备
raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdd1
raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdd2
raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/sde
raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sdg
raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/sdh
raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sdi

登陆到另外一个重复执行raw的绑定操作

执行：partprobe （信息同步）

raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdd1
raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdd2
raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/sde
raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/sdg
raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/sdh
raw /dev/raw/raw6 /dev/sdi

4.创建Oracle的安装用户和组

groupadd -g 600 dba
useradd -u 601 -g 600 oracle
登陆另外一个节点重复4的操作：
groupadd -g 600 dba
useradd -u 601 -g 600 oracle

5.设置raw设备的属主
编辑：/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
###config raw after reboot
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdd1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdd2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sde", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdg", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdh", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdi", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"

###config owner and group after reboot
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw1", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw2", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw3", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw4", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw5", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="raw6", WNER=="oracle", GROUP=="dba", MODE=="0660"

配置好后执行：
/sbin/start_udev
检查属主和权限是否正确
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Dec 24 10:51 raw1
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Dec 24 10:51 raw2
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 Dec 24 10:51 raw3
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 Dec 24 10:51 raw4
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 5 Dec 24 10:51 raw5
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 6 Dec 24 10:51 raw6
另外一个节点重复5里的操作

6.配置操作系统的参数：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

执行
sysctl -p

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle               hard    nproc   16384
oracle               soft    nofile 1024
oracle               hard    nofile 65536

vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

禁用iptables
屏蔽下边文件里的内容

/etc/pam.d/other ;
执行：
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

登陆另外一个节点重复6的操作

7.准备好你要用的vip（一对）配置hosts文件（注意这个ip地址目前在主机上不能生效！）

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
### public ip ####
192.168.128.164   nccpxdb3
192.168.128.165   nccpxdb4
### Virtual ip ####
192.168.128.168   nccpxdb3-vip
192.168.128.169   nccpxdb4-vip
#### private ip ####
192.168.1.3       nccpxdb3-priv
192.168.1.4       nccpxdb4-priv

测试一下：

ping nccpxdb3-priv
ping nccpxdb4-priv
ping nccpxdb3
ping nccpxdb4

确保以上地址pingable

登陆另外一个节点重复7的操作

8.配置ssh
8.1
login as oracle
8.2
mkdir ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh

8.3
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa
回车默认就可以了
8.4
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa
回车默认就可以了
8.6
touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
登录另外一个节点重复8.1--8.6的操作
8.7
cd ~/.ssh/
ssh nccpxdb3 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

ssh nccpxdb3 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys
ssh nccpxdb4 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

ssh nccpxdb4 cat /home/oracle/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys

登录另外一个节点重复8.7的操作

8.8
scp authorized_keys nccpxdb4:/home/oracle/.ssh/
8.9
登录另外一个节点
scp authorized_keys nccpxdb3:/home/oracle/.ssh/
8.10
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
登录另外一个节点
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

9.enable ssh on
/usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELL
/usr/bin/ssh-add

10.测试ssh是否生效

ssh nccpxdb3 date
ssh nccpxdb4 date
登录另外一个节点重复10里的操作

11.创建目录，配置环境变量
mkdir - p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/
mkdir - p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs
mkdir - p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

#####ORACLE ENV

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export ORACLE_SID=icpdb1
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORA_ASM_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/asm
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$ORA_ASM_HOME/bin

12.打开linux5的图形界面和ftp

12.1
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加 service vsftpd start

For XDMCP connection to Red Hat 5 EL
12.2 XDM Configuration
1. Change runlevel to 5
Open/etc/inittab and set the initial runlevel to 5 as following:
id:5:initdefault:

12.3 Enable XDMCP

For GDM:

Open /etc/gdm/custom.conf and set the Enable entry to 1 in the [xdmcp] section as following.
[xdmcp]
Enable=1

For KDM:

Open /usr/share/config/kdm/Xaccess and remove the initial "#" character for the following line:
#* #any host can get a login window ==>
* #any host can get a login window
Open /usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc and set the Enable entry to true in the [xdmcp] section as following.
[Xdmcp]
Enable=true

12.4. Firewall (TCP/UDP Ports) Configuration
Open UDP port 177 from the PC to the remote host direction.
Open incoming TCP ports 6000~6010 from the remote host to your PC.
12.5. Reboot the remote host and start Xmanager

13.开始安装吧，使用xmanager登录节点1（注意我们的安装操作在节点1上进行）

13.1
/home/oracle/media/crs/clusterware/rootpre/rootpre.sh
13.2
./runInstaller

next
确认：
name:OraCrs10g_home
path:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs
选择language
zh ，en
next

add
nccpxdb4
nccpxdb4-priv
nccpxdb4-vip
next

edit
eth0   public
eth1   private
eth2   not user

choose
external redundancy
ocr:/dev/raw/raw1

next
external redundancy
votedisk /dev/raw/raw2

next

install

**************************************************************************************
这里可能会出现一个错:
INFO: Exclude file list /tmp/OraInstall2009-12-24_12-17-52PM/installExcludeFile.lst does not exist or is empty. The file is ignored.
WARNING: Error while copying directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs with exclude file list 'null' to nodes 'nccpxdb4'. [PRKC-1002 : All the submitted commands did not execute successfully]
原因：
2个操作系统的时间不一致导致
解决办法：
1.可以忽略继续
2.配置ntp或者手工修改一下时间 date -s 12/24/2009 date -s 00:00:00

**************************************************************************************
修改：

on nccpxdb3上：
execute ：
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/root.sh

Before execute root.sh on nccpxdb4 modify
1./u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/vipca
把这几行屏蔽如下：
       #if [ "$arch" = "i686" -o "$arch" = "ia64" -o "$arch" = "x86_64" ]
       # then
       #     LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
       #    export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
       # fi
       #End workaround
2./u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/srvctl

#Remove this workaround when the bug 3937317 is fixed
#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
#export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

execute on nccpxdb4：
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/root.sh

**************************************************************************************
这里可能会出现错:
Error 0(Native: listNetInterfaces:[3])
[Error 0(Native: listNetInterfaces:[3])]
原因：
主机上有3块网卡，有一块crs识别不出来的

解决办法：
[root@node2 bin]# ./oifcfg iflist

eth1 10.10.17.0

virbr0 192.168.122.0

eth0 192.168.100.0

[root@node2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -global eth0/192.168.128.0:public

[root@node2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -global eth1/192.168.1.0:cluster_interconnect

[root@node2 bin]# ./oifcfg getif
eth0 192.168.128.0 global public
eth1 192.168.1.0 global cluster_interconnect

**************************************************************************************

回到图形界面点
ok
**************************************************************************************

这里Oracle Cluster Uitlity 会报错，我们不理会他，这个是Oracle的bug
**************************************************************************************
next

finish

14.配置vip
使用root用户

进入目录：/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin
1./u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/vipca
把这几行屏蔽如下：
       #if [ "$arch" = "i686" -o "$arch" = "ia64" -o "$arch" = "x86_64" ]
       # then
       #     LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
       #    export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
       # fi
       #End workaround
2./u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/srvctl

#Remove this workaround when the bug 3937317 is fixed
#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19
#export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

执行./vipca

modify :
  ip alis name: nccpxdb3-vip ipaddress: 192.168.128.168
      ip alis name: nccpxdb4-vip ipaddress: 192.168.128.169

next

finish

exit

使用 ifconfig 看看vip 是否生效

ping nccpxdb3-vip
ping nccpxdb4-vip

15 打个小的补丁
否则10.2.0.4无法安装，会提示 error in writing ......./rt.jar [invalid distance code] 的错误
补丁编号：4679769 不要照着readme做！！
用root 先备份
cp /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/clsfmt.bin /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/clsfmt.bin.bak
cp .....4679769/clsfmt.bin /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/
chown oracle:dba /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/clsfmt.bin
chmod 750 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/clsfmt.bin

16.打10.2.0.4的 crs补丁

./runInstaller

next
name:OraCrs10g_home
path:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs

install

千万别exit了之，一定别忘记执行下边的内容：时间比较不长，您高低忍一会

***************************************************************************************************************
The installer has detected that your Cluster Ready Services (CRS) installation is distributed across the following nodes:

nccpxdb3
nccpxdb4

Because the software consists of local identical copies distributed across each of the nodes in the cluster, it is possible to patch your CRS installation in a rolling manner, one node at a time.

To complete the installation of this patchset, you must perform. the following tasks on each node:

1. Log in as the root user.
2. As the root user, perform. the following tasks:

  a. Shutdown the CRS daemons by issuing the following command:
    /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/crsctl stop crs
  b. Run the shell script. located at:
    /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/install/root102.sh
   This script. will automatically start the CRS daemons on the
   patched node upon completion.

3. After completing this procedure, proceed to the next node and repeat.
***************************************************************************************************************

exit

yes

16.安装Oracle介质

./runInstaller

product_language (zh,en)
choose
custom

next
name:OraDb10g_home1
path:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

next
select all
next
choose your compnent

next

dba
dba

install database Software Only

install

**************************************************************************************
这里可能会出现一个错:
INFO: Exclude file list /tmp/OraInstall2009-12-24_12-17-52PM/installExcludeFile.lst does not exist or is empty. The file is ignored.
WARNING: Error while copying directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs with exclude file list 'null' to nodes 'nccpxdb4'. [PRKC-1002 : All the submitted commands did not execute successfully]
原因：
2个操作系统的时间不一致导致
解决办法：
1.可以忽略继续
2.配置ntp或者手工修改一下时间 date -s 12/24/2009 date -s 00:00:00

**************************************************************************************

16 安装10.2.0.4的patch
./runInstall

next
name:OraDB10g_home1
path:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

next

install

两个节点分别执行：
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

17.配置共用监听
图形启动netca
next

18.配置ASM
dbca

next
configure automatic storage management

next

select all

password

create initlization parameters file（pfile）

next

create new

change disk discovery path
/dev/raw/raw*

Disk Group Nmae :DG1 external
  /dev/raw/raw3
  /dev/raw/raw4
Disk Group Nmae :DG2 external
  /dev/raw/raw5
  /dev/raw/raw6
finish

YES

Create DATABASE

select all

next
customer database

next
globale name :icpdb
sid :icpdb

next

password

ASM
next

select all disk group

next
剩下的忘记了没写过程

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