最近一个项目中客户需要做人名的拼音检索,就像QQ好友那样,输入拼音就提示符合的联系人。上网找了一下,发现微软已经发布了相关的支持库,不仅可以处理拼音,还能处理笔画、简繁体转换等。csdn上有一篇博客介绍了基本的使用方法,微软发布的库也包含了比较全面的文档。但实际使用过程中发现了几个问题:
- 多音字的处理,当人名中含有多音字时,处理会变得相对复杂。
- 汉字拼音边界的处理,比如人名为“小明”,拼音为"XIAOMING",当输入"AOM"时,客户可能不希望看到“小明”这个结果。
本文分析第一个问题。此问题的目标是对于特定的字符串,生成其对应拼音列表。比如“重”有"CHONG2"、"ZHONG4"两个音,“量”有"LIANG2"、"LIANG4"、"LIANG5"三个音(5代表轻声)。最后生成的列表应该是"CHONGLIANG"、"ZHONGLIANG"。由于使用微软的国际化库ChineseChar类的Pinyins属性得到的事一个元素个数固定为8的ReadOnlyCollection<string>类型,其中元素包含读音,而且集合会包含null元素,所以必须先做一步处理,取得无音标的拼音。为ChineseChar添加一个扩展方法如下:

public static class ChineseCharExtension
{
/// <summary>
/// Get the distinct pinyins of a <see cref="ChineseChar"/> without the sound indicator.<para />
/// The result strings are upper case.
/// For example, "重" will get a result of "ZHONG" and "CHONG",
/// while "量" will only get "LIANG".
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chineseChar"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<string> PinyinsWithoutSound (this ChineseChar chineseChar)
{
return chineseChar.Pinyins.Where (p => p != null).Select (p => p.Substring (0, p.Length - 1)).Distinct ();
}
}

public static class ChineseString
{
/// <summary>
/// Get pinyins of a string containing chinese characters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="chinese">The input string.</param>
/// <returns>The pinyin combinations.</returns>
public static IEnumerable<string> GetPinyins (this string chinese)
{
Char[] chineseChars = chinese.ToCharArray ();
return chineseChars.GetPinyins (0);
}
private static IEnumerable<string> GetPinyins (this char[] chinese, int startIndex)
{
//If the start index is beyond the string length, just yield return an empty string.
if (startIndex == chinese.Length)
{
yield return string.Empty;
}
else
{
//If this char is a chinese char.
if (ChineseChar.IsValidChar (chinese[startIndex]))
{
foreach (var charPinyin in (new ChineseChar (chinese[startIndex])).PinyinsWithoutSound ())
{
foreach (var remainingPinyins in chinese.GetPinyins (startIndex + 1))
{
yield return charPinyin + remainingPinyins;
}
}
}
else
{
//Is not chinese, just concat it with the remaining pinyins.
foreach (var remainingPinyins in chinese.GetPinyins (startIndex + 1))
{
yield return chinese[startIndex] + remainingPinyins;
}
}
}
}
}
Microsoft Visual Studio International Pack 下载地址:http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=44cac7f0-633b-477d-aed2-99aee642fc10&DisplayLang=zh-cn
注意下面有个2.0的下载,但那个只是个Feature Pack,主要功能还在1.0中。