基于Python和Neo4j搭建知识图谱医药问答系统

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已于 2024-01-22 18:28:45 修改

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文章标签： neo4j python

于 2024-01-22 17:30:04 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/contributed_l/article/details/135731453

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本博客介绍用Pycharm编写Python程序操作Neo4j搭建医药知识图谱和实现自动问答系统的实战练习。包括启动Neo4j、安装py2neo库、Python连接Neo4j，详细阐述了在Pycharm中搭建知识图谱和实现问答系统的步骤及代码，最终构建起含特定规模实体和关系的知识图谱。

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前言

本案例用Pycharm编写Python程序操作Neo4j搭建知识图谱医药问答系统实战练习
本案例借鉴刘焕勇老师个人项目

一、启动Neo4j

如何启动Neo4j，请参考此教程

运行项目前，先清空Neo4j数据库

MATCH (n) DETACH DELETE n

二、安装py2neo库

代码学习参考py2neo官网文档

pip install py2neo

三、Python连接Neo4j

链接Neo4j的地址为："bolt://localhost:7687"

在本章中最开始的部分已经更改用户名默认为neo4j，密码在本章中最开始的部分已经更改

import json
import os

from py2neo import Graph, Node


class MedicalGraph:
    def __init__(self):
        cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1])
        self.data_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'data/medical.json')
        self.g = Graph("bolt://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "tang2001"))

注意：build_medicalgraph.py 和 answer_search.py两个原文件中的self.g = Graph()的链接格式都更改为上述代码中的格式。

参考py2neo官网文档—Python连接Neo4j

四、Pycharm中搭建医药知识图谱

1、读取文件

代码如下：

    def read_nodes(self):
        # 共７类节点
        drugs = []  # 药品
        foods = []  # 食物
        checks = []  # 检查
        departments = []  # 科室
        producers = []  # 药品大类
        diseases = []  # 疾病
        symptoms = []  # 症状

        disease_infos = []  # 疾病信息

        # 构建节点实体关系
        rels_department = []  # 科室－科室关系
        rels_noteat = []  # 疾病－忌吃食物关系
        rels_doeat = []  # 疾病－宜吃食物关系
        rels_recommandeat = []  # 疾病－推荐吃食物关系
        rels_commonddrug = []  # 疾病－通用药品关系
        rels_recommanddrug = []  # 疾病－热门药品关系
        rels_check = []  # 疾病－检查关系
        rels_drug_producer = []  # 厂商－药物关系

        rels_symptom = []  # 疾病症状关系
        rels_acompany = []  # 疾病并发关系
        rels_category = []  # 疾病与科室之间的关系

        count = 0
        for data in open(self.data_path, encoding='utf8', mode='r'):
            disease_dict = {}
            count += 1
            print(count)
            data_json = json.loads(data)
            disease = data_json['name']
            disease_dict['name'] = disease
            diseases.append(disease)
            disease_dict['desc'] = ''
            disease_dict['prevent'] = ''
            disease_dict['cause'] = ''
            disease_dict['easy_get'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_department'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_way'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = ''
            disease_dict['symptom'] = ''
            disease_dict['cured_prob'] = ''

            if 'symptom' in data_json:
                symptoms += data_json['symptom']
                for symptom in data_json['symptom']:
                    rels_symptom.append([disease, symptom])

            if 'acompany' in data_json:
                for acompany in data_json['acompany']:
                    rels_acompany.append([disease, acompany])

            if 'desc' in data_json:
                disease_dict['desc'] = data_json['desc']

            if 'prevent' in data_json:
                disease_dict['prevent'] = data_json['prevent']

            if 'cause' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cause'] = data_json['cause']

            if 'get_prob' in data_json:
                disease_dict['get_prob'] = data_json['get_prob']

            if 'easy_get' in data_json:
                disease_dict['easy_get'] = data_json['easy_get']

            if 'cure_department' in data_json:
                cure_department = data_json['cure_department']
                if len(cure_department) == 1:
                    rels_category.append([disease, cure_department[0]])
                if len(cure_department) == 2:
                    big = cure_department[0]
                    small = cure_department[1]
                    rels_department.append([small, big])
                    rels_category.append([disease, small])

                disease_dict['cure_department'] = cure_department
                departments += cure_department

            if 'cure_way' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cure_way'] = data_json['cure_way']

            if 'cure_lasttime' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = data_json['cure_lasttime']

            if 'cured_prob' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cured_prob'] = data_json['cured_prob']

            if 'common_drug' in data_json:
                common_drug = data_json['common_drug']
                for drug in common_drug:
                    rels_commonddrug.append([disease, drug])
                drugs += common_drug

            if 'recommand_drug' in data_json:
                recommand_drug = data_json['recommand_drug']
                drugs += recommand_drug
                for drug in recommand_drug:
                    rels_recommanddrug.append([disease, drug])

            if 'not_eat' in data_json:
                not_eat = data_json['not_eat']
                for _not in not_eat:
                    rels_noteat.append([disease, _not])

                foods += not_eat
                do_eat = data_json['do_eat']
                for _do in do_eat:
                    rels_doeat.append([disease, _do])

                foods += do_eat
                recommand_eat = data_json['recommand_eat']

                for _recommand in recommand_eat:
                    rels_recommandeat.append([disease, _recommand])
                foods += recommand_eat

            if 'check' in data_json:
                check = data_json['check']
                for _check in check:
                    rels_check.append([disease, _check])
                checks += check
            if 'drug_detail' in data_json:
                drug_detail = data_json['drug_detail']
                producer = [i.split('(')[0] for i in drug_detail]
                rels_drug_producer += [[i.split('(')[0], i.split('(')[-1].replace(')', '')] for i in drug_detail]
                producers += producer
            disease_infos.append(disease_dict)
        return set(drugs), set(foods), set(checks), set(departments), set(producers), set(symptoms), set(diseases), disease_infos, \
               rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug, \
               rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category

2、建立节点

代码如下：

    def create_node(self, label, nodes):
        count = 0
        for node_name in nodes:
            node = Node(label, name=node_name)
            self.g.create(node)
            count += 1
            print(count, len(nodes))
        return

3、创建知识图谱中心疾病的节点

代码如下：

    def create_diseases_nodes(self, disease_infos):
        count = 0
        for disease_dict in disease_infos:
            node = Node("Disease", name=disease_dict['name'], desc=disease_dict['desc'],
                        prevent=disease_dict['prevent'], cause=disease_dict['cause'],
                        easy_get=disease_dict['easy_get'], cure_lasttime=disease_dict['cure_lasttime'],
                        cure_department=disease_dict['cure_department']
                        , cure_way=disease_dict['cure_way'], cured_prob=disease_dict['cured_prob'])
            self.g.create(node)
            count += 1
            print(count)
        return