event.preventDefault()方法是用于取消事件的默认行为,但此方法并不被ie支持,在ie下需要用window.event.returnValue = false; 来实现。
这不是JQuery的方法,是JS本身自带的
event.preventDefault()
该方法将通知 Web 浏览器不要执行与事件关联的默认动作(如果存在这样的动作)。例如,如果 type 属性是 "submit",在事件传播的任意阶段可以调用任意的事件句柄,通过调用该方法,可以阻止提交表单。注意,如果 Event 对象的 cancelable 属性是 fasle,那么就没有默认动作,或者不能阻止默认动作。无论哪种情况,调用该方法都没有作用。
event.stopPropagation()
该方法将停止事件的传播,阻止它被分派到其他 Document 节点。在事件传播的任何阶段都可以调用它。注意,虽然该方法不能阻止同一个 Document 节点上的其他事件句柄被调用,但是它可以阻止把事件分派到其他节点。
event是DOM的事件方法,所以不是单独使用,比如指定DOM
在jQuery代码中,我们常见用return false来阻止浏览器的默认行为。例如点击链接,浏览器默认打开一个新窗口/标签,为了阻止浏览器的默认行为,我们往往这样操作:
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"a.toggle"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"#mydiv"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">toggle</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">return</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">false</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
这段代码的作用是通过点击toggle来隐藏或显示#mydiv,并阻止浏览器继续访问href指定链接。测试如下:
return false达到了我们想要的目的,但这并不是阻止浏览器执行默认行为的正确方法。调用return false,它实际完成了3件事:
- event.preventDefault()
- event.stopPropagation()
- 停止回调函数执行并立即返回。
我们真正的目的是event.preventDefault(),后两者可不是我们想要的。JavaScript事件有两种,一种称为事件冒泡(event bubbling),一种称为事件捕捉(event capturing)。事件冒泡指事件在初始DOM上触发,通过DOM树往上在每一级父元素上触发;当事件向下冒泡时,我们则称之为事件捕获。
因为return false多做了两件事,由此为代码埋下隐患。下面有一个简单的例子,点击一个链接,加载新的页面内容到当前页面:
<span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><div</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"post"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><a</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">href</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/js/loadp1.txt"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Click here to load page1</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></a></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><div</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"content"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></div></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></div></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><div</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"post"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><a</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">href</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/js/loadp2.txt"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Click here to load page2</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></a></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"><div</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="atn" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="atv" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"content"</span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></div></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="tag" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);"></div></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $("div.post a").click(function() { var href = $(this).attr("href"); $(this).next().load(href); return false; });</span>
测试如下:
点击链接就能加载页面内容到当前页,一切都OK。现在我们想要加一个新功能,例如论坛帖子的浏览,只有当前点击的帖子内容才会显示,其他帖子都隐藏。为此我们需要为div.post加一个click()事件处理:
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div.post"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div.post .content"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">hide</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// hide all content</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">this</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">children</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">".content"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">show</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// show this one</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
添加完这段代码后,我们发现它不生效,缘故是因为$("div.post a").click(function() { return false; });
,由于return false执行了event.stopPropagation(),因此事件不能冒泡到上一级DOM,即$("div.post").click()
不会被事件触发。要达成我们的任务,应该把return false替换为event.preventDefault():
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div.post a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">var</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> href </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">this</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">attr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"href"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">this</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">next</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">().</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">load</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">href</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">preventDefault</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
测试修改后的代码:
如果把return false和live/delegate事件混用,情况就更糟糕了:
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// do something</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">return</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">false</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">live</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"click"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// this won't fire</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
如果确实需要阻止事件冒泡,也应该显式地调用:
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div.post"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// do something</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div.post a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// 浏览器跳转到新页面(默认行为)</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// 但阻止事件冒泡,即不会执行$("div.post").click()</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">stopPropagation</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
event.stopPropagation()用于阻止事件冒泡,jQuery中还有另一个函数:event.stopImmediatePropagation(),它用于阻止一个事件的继续执行,即使当前对象上还绑定了其他处理函数:
<span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// do something</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// stop immediate propagation</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> e</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">.</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">stopImmediatePropagation</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">();</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// never fires</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> $</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"div a"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">).</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">click</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">function</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(){</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">// never fires</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">});</span>
最后结论是:理解return false,尽量避免使用它,请用event.preventDefault()替代return false。