MySQL--基础十（子查询）

子查询

含义：
出现在其他语句中的select语句，称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句，称为主查询或外查询

分类：
按子查询出现的位置：

• select后面：
  仅仅支持标量子查询

• from后面：
  支持表子查询

• where或having后面：★
  标量子查询（单行） √
  列子查询 （多行） √
  行子查询

• exists后面（相关子查询）
  表子查询

按结果集的行列数不同：

• 标量子查询（结果集只有一行一列）
• 列子查询（结果集只有一列多行）
• 行子查询（结果集有一行多列）
• 表子查询（结果集一般为多行多列）

where或having后面

/*
1、标量子查询（单行子查询）
2、列子查询（多行子查询）

3、行子查询（多列多行）

特点：
①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③标量子查询，一般搭配着单行操作符使用
> < >= <= = <>

列子查询，一般搭配着多行操作符使用
in、any/some、all

④子查询的执行优先于主查询执行，主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果

*/
#1.标量子查询★

#案例1：谁的工资比 Abel 高?

#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'

#②查询员工的信息，满足 salary>①结果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(

	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Abel'

);

#案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名，job_id 和工资

#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141

#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143

#③查询员工的姓名，job_id 和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143

);


#案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

#①查询公司的 最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询last_name,job_id和salary，要求salary=①
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);


#案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT  MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50

#②查询每个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#③ 在②基础上筛选，满足min(salary)>①
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50


);

#非法使用标量子查询

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 250


);



#2.列子查询（多行子查询）★
#案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

#②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700));


#案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资

SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

#②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary，salary<(①)的任意一个
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#或
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';


#案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工   的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#或

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MIN( salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';



#3、行子查询（结果集一行多列或多行多列）

#案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息



SELECT * 
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

#①查询最小的员工编号
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees


#②查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees


#③查询员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees


)AND salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees

);

在select后面

仅仅支持标量子查询

#案例：查询每个部门的员工个数


SELECT d.*,(

	SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM employees e
	WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
 ) 个数
 FROM departments d;
 
 
 #案例2：查询员工号=102的部门名
 
SELECT (
	SELECT department_name,e.department_id
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102
	
) 部门名;

在from后面

将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名

#案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#①查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id


SELECT * FROM job_grades;


#②连接①的结果集和job_grades表，筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal

SELECT  ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;

exists后面（相关子查询）

语法：
exists(完整的查询语句)
结果：
1或0

SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=300000);

#案例1：查询有员工的部门名

#in
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id` IN(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees

)

#exists

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM employees e
	WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`


);


#案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息

#in

SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty
)

#exists
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty b
	WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`

);

#1.	查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资

#①查询Zlotkey的部门
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'

#②查询部门号=①的姓名和工资
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'

)

#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。

#①查询平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询工资>①的员工号，姓名和工资。

SELECT last_name,employee_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(

	SELECT AVG(salary)
	FROM employees
);



#3.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
#①查询各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#②连接①结果集和employees表，进行筛选
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
ON e.department_id = ag_dep.department_id
WHERE salary>ag_dep.ag ;



#4.	查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名
#①查询姓名中包含字母u的员工的部门

SELECT  DISTINCT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'

#②查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号和姓名
SELECT last_name,employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT  DISTINCT department_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%'
);


#5. 查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号

#①查询location_id为1700的部门

SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments 
WHERE location_id  = 1700


#②查询部门号=①中的任意一个的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id =ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments 
	WHERE location_id  = 1700

);
#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资

#①查询姓名为king的员工编号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name  = 'K_ing'

#②查询哪个员工的manager_id = ①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
	SELECT employee_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name  = 'K_ing'

);

#7.查询工资最高的员工的姓名，要求first_name和last_name显示为一列，列名为 姓.名


#①查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询工资=①的姓.名

SELECT CONCAT(first_name,last_name) "姓.名"
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees

);