Nginx实践-优快云博客

nginx实践

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Nginx安装：

]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/bin/ --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

]# make

]# make install

]# /usr/local/bin/nginx -V

nginx: nginx version: nginx/1.0.4

nginx: TLS SNI support disabled

nginx: configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/src --sbin-path=/usr/local/bin/ --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

应养成检查语法的习惯，如下例：

]# /usr/local/bin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/src/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("www") failed

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/src/conf/nginx.conf test failed

]# useradd www -s /sbin/nologin -M

]# /usr/local/bin/nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/src/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/src/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动nginx：

]# /usr/local/bin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

]# !netstat

netstat -natu | grep 80

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

nginx主配置文件：

[root@up_server conf]# pwd

/usr/local/nginx/conf

[root@up_server conf]# ls nginx.conf

nginx.conf

重启nginx服务命令

]# kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

]# /usr/local/bin/nginx -s reload

error_page 404 /404.html; 为了界面友好

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 出现上面错误码，跳转后面界面

虚拟主机：

（1）基于域名：

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.sina.com;

location / {

root sina;

index index.html index.htm;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.baidu.com;

location / {

root baidu;

index index.html index.htm;

}

（2）基于IP

server {

listen 192.168.1.25:80;

server_name 192.168.1.25;

location / {

root 254;

index index.html index.htm;

}

ab -c 100 n 10000 http://www.baidu.com 并发10000次，每次100个请求

正则匹配：

location ~* .*.doc$ {

66 #location ~ .*/.*.(txt|doc) {

67 return 403;

68 #root 254;

69 #deny all;

70 }

location ~* .*.doc$ {

66 #location ~ .*/.*.(txt|doc) {

67 root 254;

68 deny all;

69 }

location /nginx_status {

66 stub_status on;

67 allow 192.168.1.2;

68 deny all;

69 }

此时用1.254来访问会返回403错误信息

对于图片的访问不计入日志，没有必要，图片太多，避免日志过大

location ~ .*.(jpg|png|css|js|gif)$ {

access_log off;

}

在nginx中作日志截取

1.写一个脚本利用mv 笨方法

2.计划任务分时日月周

[root@ disk]# cat cut_nginx.sh

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

[root@ disk]#

设置访问权限：

location / {

root abc; 访问根目录

index index.html index.htm;

auth_basic "这是我私有的";

auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;

}

[root@wang src]# htpasswd -cm /usr/local/src/conf/htpasswd sungy

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user sungy

[root@wang src]#

再补充一些关于location正则和rewrite相关的学习

nginx反向代理重点

1。默认是轮询的（rr）

keepalive_timeout 65;

upstream server_pool {

server 192.168.1.23:80;

server 192.168.1.25:80;

}

#gzip on;

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.baidu.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {

#root baidu;

#index index.html index.htm;

proxy_pass http://server_pool;

??proxy_set_header Host $host;

}

2。带有权重（wrr）的集群

keepalive_timeout 65;

upstream server_pool {

server 192.168.1.23:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fails_timeout=30; #2次失败以后，暂停的时间30sOB

server 192.168.1.25:80;

}

#gzip on;

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.baidu.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {

#root baidu;

#index index.html index.htm;

proxy_pass http://server_pool;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; 可以看到访问客户的真实IP

}

3.hash 解决购物车问题

4.根据服务器新旧

5.。基于url的hash

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