我使用过的Linux命令之ps - 显示当前正在运行的进程列表
本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/841996 （转载请注明出处）
用途说明
ps命令是Process Status的缩写（ps is the shortage for Process Status.）。ps命令用来列出系统中当前运行的那些进程（The command should be used to display the currently running processes on Unix/Linux systems.）。ps命令列出的是当前那些进程的快照（report a snapshot of the current processes），就是执行ps命令的那个时刻的那些进程，如果想要动态的显示进程信息，就可以使用top命令（ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top(1) instead.）。
常用参数
ps命令参数可以支持不同的风格，而且又多，实在很难一一列出，下面只列出常用的方式。列位看官也可以补充一下您的常用方式。
格式：ps
只列出当前终端有关的进程。
格式：ps -ef
格式：ps aux <== BSD syntax
显示所有的进程（To see every process on the system using standard syntax）。通常和grep/egrep等命令配合使用来查找相关的进程。
格式：COLUMNS=1024 ps h -C java -f
显示java进程的完整信息。（h表明不显示头部信息，-C指定命令名称，-f列出全部信息）
使用示例
示例一 查看当前shell中的进程
[root@web ~]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
5488 pts/12 00:00:00 bash
29720 pts/12 00:00:00 ps
[root@web ~]# ps -l
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
4 S 0 5488 26086 0 75 0 - 1753 wait pts/12 00:00:00 bash
4 R 0 29727 5488 0 76 0 - 1320 - pts/12 00:00:00 ps
[root@web ~]#
示例二 ps与grep配合查找进程
通常查找进程的目的是确认程序是否正在运行、或者准备把它kill掉。
[root@web imx_server]# ps -ef|grep update.sh
root 10683 17963 0 13:52 pts/7 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./update.sh
root 26342 5488 0 16:25 pts/12 00:00:00 grep update.sh
[root@web imx_server]# ps -ef|grep update.sh|grep -v grep
root 10683 17963 0 13:52 pts/7 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./update.sh
[root@web imx_server]# kill 10683
[root@web imx_server]#
示例三 查看java进程的完整信息
使用ant启动的java进程命令行都相当的长。
[root@web imx_server]# COLUMNS=1024 ps h -C java -f
root 1572 1 0 Nov15 ? Ssl 29:34 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
root 1586 1572 0 Nov15 ? Sl 50:01 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/web/web_server/web.server.jar:/opt/web/web_server:/opt/web/web_server/lib/apache-mime4j-0.6.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-codec-1.3.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/freemarker.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpclient-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpcore-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpmime-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.13-bin.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100522.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/sms.client.jar web.server.Main
root 4702 4698 0 Aug11 ? Sl 27:43 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/bin/java -classpath /root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derby.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbynet.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbytools.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbyclient.jar org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start
root 7233 1 0 Nov02 ? Ssl 33:07 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
root 7262 7233 0 Nov02 ? Sl 57:55 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/imx/iss_server/iss.server.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/ida.api.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.13-bin.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100113.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/sms.client.jar iss.server.Main
root 8488 1 0 Oct14 ? Ssl 102:53 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
root 8502 8488 0 Oct14 ? Sl 259:35 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /root/work190/mhr_server/mhr.server.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/activation.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/admin.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/ant.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-beanutils.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-email-1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/dsmp.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/ems.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/filters.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/htmlparser.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jcharset.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jcommon-1.0.13.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jfreechart-1.0.10.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/json-lib-2.2.2-jdk15.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/json.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/junit-4.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/log4j-1
root 15239 1 0 Oct18 ? Ssl 115:03 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
root 18066 1 1 Dec03 ? Sl 176:47 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/conf/logging.properties -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/endorsed -classpath /opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 26555 26479 0 Dec07 ? Sl 6:36 java -classpath .:../../lib/jdom-1.1.jar:../../lib/log4j-1.2.15.jar:../../lib/hyjc.jar:../../lib/commons-email-1.1.jar:../../lib/mail.jar:../../lib/activation.jar ems.server.Main
root 27855 1 0 10:01 ? Sl 0:42 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
root 27872 27855 0 10:01 ? Sl 3:28 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/imx/imx_server/imx.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/ima.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/ida.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/ems.client.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100113.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/sms.client.jar imx.server.Main
[root@web imx_server]#
示例四 一个显示java进程的脚本
脚本sj.sh。使用方式：不跟参数显示所有java进程，跟上特征参数则显示包含此特征的java进程，特征参数可以是类名、目录名等。
#!/bin/sh
listpids()
{
#ps -ef|grep java|grep -v grep
COLUMNS=1024 ps h -C java -f
}
showpids()
{
while read u p pp t1 t2 tty cpu cmd;
do
ls -l /proc/$p/cwd
echo $p $cwd $cmd
echo
done
}
showpidof()
{
while read u p pp t1 t2 tty cpu cmd;
do
if ls -l /proc/$p/cwd | grep -q $1; then
echo $p
elif echo $cmd | grep -q $1; then
echo $p
fi
done
}
if [ "$1" ]; then
listpids | showpidof $1 | xargs
else
listpids | showpids
fi
[root@web imx_server]# sj.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-11 11:09 /proc/1572/cwd -> /opt/web/web_server
1572 29:36 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/1586/cwd -> /opt/web/web_server
1586 50:03 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/web/web_server/web.server.jar:/opt/web/web_server:/opt/web/web_server/lib/apache-mime4j-0.6.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-codec-1.3.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/freemarker.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpclient-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpcore-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/httpmime-4.0.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.13-bin.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100522.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/web/web_server/lib/sms.client.jar web.server.Main
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-14 13:31 /proc/4702/cwd -> /root/work190/mhr_user0
4702 27:44 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/bin/java -classpath /root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derby.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbynet.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbytools.jar:/root/work190/mhr_user/derby/lib/derbyclient.jar org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/7233/cwd -> /opt/imx/iss_server
7233 33:10 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/7262/cwd -> /opt/imx/iss_server
7262 57:57 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/imx/iss_server/iss.server.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/ida.api.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.13-bin.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100113.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/imx/iss_server/lib/sms.client.jar iss.server.Main
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/8488/cwd -> /root/work190/mhr_server
8488 102:56 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/8502/cwd -> /root/work190/mhr_server
8502 259:40 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /root/work190/mhr_server/mhr.server.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/activation.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/admin.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/ant.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-beanutils.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-email-1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/dsmp.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/ems.client.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/filters.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/htmlparser.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jcharset.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jcommon-1.0.13.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/jfreechart-1.0.10.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/json-lib-2.2.2-jdk15.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/json.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/junit-4.1.jar:/root/work190/mhr_server/lib/log4j-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-12 09:09 /proc/15239/cwd -> /root/work190/exam_server
15239 115:05 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-13 10:36 /proc/18066/cwd -> /
18066 177:59 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/conf/logging.properties -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/endorsed -classpath /opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/apache/apache-tomcat-6.0.26/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-12 18:25 /proc/26555/cwd -> /opt/omc08/src/ems_proxy
26555 6:37 java -classpath .:../../lib/jdom-1.1.jar:../../lib/log4j-1.2.15.jar:../../lib/hyjc.jar:../../lib/commons-email-1.1.jar:../../lib/mail.jar:../../lib/activation.jar ems.server.Main
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-14 10:02 /proc/27855/cwd -> /opt/imx/imx_server
27855 0:45 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -classpath /opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib/ant-launcher.jar -Dant.home=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1 -Dant.library.dir=/opt/apache/apache-ant-1.8.1/lib org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher -cp start
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 12-14 10:02 /proc/27872/cwd -> /opt/imx/imx_server
27872 3:57 /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_20/jre/bin/java -Xmx1024m -classpath /opt/imx/imx_server/imx.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/ima.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/ida.server.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/ems.client.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/hyjc.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/jdom-1.1.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/json.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/junit-4.8.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/poi-3.6-ZHY-20100113.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/proxool-0.9.1.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/proxool-cglib.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/servlet-api.jar:/opt/imx/imx_server/lib/sms.client.jar imx.server.Main
[root@web imx_server]# sj.sh imx_server
27855 27872
[root@web imx_server]#
问题思考
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