我使用过的Linux命令之nohup - 执行其他命令，并且忽略SIGHUP信号

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我使用过的Linux命令之nohup - 执行其他命令，并且忽略SIGHUP信号

本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/835536 （转载请注明出处）

用途说明

nohup命令可以用来执行其他命令，并且忽略SIGHUP信号（run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty。Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.）当一个虚拟终端的网络连接断开时，操作系统向正在运行的程序发送SIGHUP信号（HUP = HangUP、挂断），默认情况下这个信号将使程序退出。

nohup命令通常用来把一个程序在后台来运行（需要&来配合），另外一个命令setsid也可以做到，如果系统中安装了screen，可以用screen来管理那些需要长时间运行的任务。本文后面提供的相关资料很详细的说明了这些命令，你也可以参考本系列之《我使用过的Linux命令之screen - 虚拟终端屏幕管理器》。

常用参数

常用格式如下：

nohup command [arg] ... &

运行命令command，忽略SIGHUP信号，后台执行。输出信息会保存到nohup.out文件中。`nohup' runs the given COMMAND with hangup signals ignored, so that the command can continue running in the background after you log out.

nohup COMMAND [ARG]...

以下内容来自 info nohup。
如果标准输入是终端，将被重定向为/dev/null。（If standard input is a terminal, it is redirected from `/dev/null' so that terminal sessions do not mistakenly consider the terminal to be used by the command. This is a GNU extension; programs intended to be portable to non-GNU hosts should use `nohup COMMAND [ARG]... </dev/null' instead.）
如果标准输出是终端，将被重定向到nohup.out，采用追加模式，如果这个文件不能写，就重定向到$HOME/nohup.out文件。（If standard output is a terminal, the command's standard output is appended to the file `nohup.out'; if that cannot be written to, it is appended to the file `$HOME/nohup.out'; and if that cannot be written to, the command is not run. Any `nohup.out' or `$HOME/nohup.out' file created by `nohup' is made readable and writable only to the user, regardless of the current umask settings.）
如果标准错误是终端，将被输出到标准输出同样的文件中。（ If standard error is a terminal, it is redirected to the same file descriptor as the (possibly-redirected) standard output.）
nohup命令不会自动将命令后台运行，所以你必须自己在命令后面加上&，把命令变成后台执行。（ `nohup' does not automatically put the command it runs in the background; you must do that explicitly, by ending the command line with an `&'. Also, `nohup' does not alter the niceness of COMMAND; use `nice' for that, e.g., `nohup nice COMMAND'.）
要注意的是，跟在nohup后面的命令不能是内建命令。（COMMAND must not be a special built-in utility (*note Special built-in utilities::).）

退出码：（Exit status: 126 if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked，127 if `nohup' itself fails or if COMMAND cannot be found，the exit status of COMMAND otherwise）

使用示例

示例一后台执行命令并跟踪输出

[root@new55 test3]# nohup spider & tail -f nohup.out
[1] 18162
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-09-20/084518138839s.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-06-20/090817680377s.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-06-18/164717673976s.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-06-18/075520496242.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-06-18/031720494028.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-06-18/101720497276.shtml]
UUUUUUU [http://i1.sinaimg.cn/dy/2010/0624/S12709T1277336424126.jpg]
UUUUUUU [hthttp://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a3131f00100j4d9.html?tj=1]
url=[hthttp://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a3131f00100j4d9.html?tj=1] schema[hthttp]
spider: test8.cpp:1051: int extract_url(const std::string&, PageInfo&, UrlPosMap&): Assertion `false' failed.
nohup: appending output to “nohup.out”
load spider.xml ok
<spider>
    <start>
        <url>http://www.sina.com.cn/</url>
    </start>
    <accept>
        <prefix>http://www.sina.com.cn/</prefix>
        <prefix>http://news.sina.com.cn/</prefix>
    </accept>
    <ignore>
        <type>IMG</type>
    </ignore>
</spider>
start node found
url http://www.sina.com.cn/
accept node found
prefix http://www.sina.com.cn/
prefix http://news.sina.com.cn/
ignore node found
type IMG