12、AI在社会中的应用:机遇与挑战

AI在社会中的应用:机遇与挑战

1. AI分组建议能力

AI在识别群体模式方面具有独特优势。即便一些人表面上毫无关联,比如伐木工人、店主和营养师,仅因他们都喜欢悬疑书籍,AI就能将其归为一组,并基于这种松散的群体关联给出不错的购买建议。此外,像某天乘坐从休斯顿出发的1982航班的所有人也能构成一个临时群体,AI可据此进一步筛选出其中喜欢悬疑书籍的人。这表明,即便从人类视角难以识别某些群体,AI仍能基于群体关联提供有效建议。

然而,在线购物时,网站基于AI给出的建议往往不准确。一方面,AI存在规则或逻辑错误。比如,亚马逊AI会持续建议书籍作者购买自己的书;对于一生仅需购买一次的“超宽小部件”,若程序员未特意设定规则,AI可能因销量低而持续推荐该产品。另一方面,数据问题也会影响建议质量。以GPS为例,它可能依据最佳数据给出路线建议,但道路施工、限速突变或恶劣天气等实际情况可能使建议路线不可行,而人类可凭借创新方法克服数据不足的问题。此外,AI还可能因无法像人类一样理解数据集之间的关联而给出糟糕建议,如在人类购买管道和石膏板进行管道维修后,AI可能想不到建议购买油漆。

2. AI的错误问题

AI可能出现直接错误,即给定特定输入后,其处理结果完全错误,无法对查询做出合适响应。例如,BBC新闻网报道过,图片中一个像素的差异就能误导特定的AI图像识别系统。错误还可能引发攻击,像一些文章中描述的针对AI的恶意攻击。AI出错的原因众多,它无法模拟人类的七种智能形式,数据存在缺陷、算法有局限性以及缺乏人类的感知能力等,都会导致错误。而且,许多看似AI完成的高难度任务,实际上是通过暴力方法而非真正的思考实现的。

目前,企业常忽视AI存在的问题,过于强调利用

相关推荐

『ISOBUS 入门』第 00 节 导言:ISOBUS 的宏观图景与入门路径

ISOBUS 是由三部分构成的集成系统:两段CAN网络(拖拉机与农具侧)、标准化通信约定及认证流程。其核心在于通过统一协议实现跨品牌设备即插即用。标准体系以ISO 11783为基础,分层涵盖物理层、传输层至应用层,关键功能如虚拟终端(VT)、任务控制器(TC)和文件服务器依赖严格的会话管理与角色分工。实际部署中,总线上传输多种协议报文,故障排查需结合地址声明、多包传输与角色权限分析。学习应从真实报文入手,建立“角色—数据流—功能块”认知链,避免仅学标准或仿真替代实测,方能有效应对复杂现场问题。

linx295的博客 286

MATLAB创建GUI面板实现二维码生成与识别

利用matlab设计gui界面实现二维码的生成与内容识别

infinitystardust的博客 3150

webrtc获取IceCandidate流程

foundation:用于唯一标识候选者的基础信息,通常是基于候选者的类型、IP地址、协议和replay协议计算出的字符串。component:标识候选者所属的传输组件。对于RTP流,通常使用1;对于RTCP流,通常使用2。protocol:候选者使用的传输协议,通常是UDP,但也可以是TCP(尽管在WebRTC中UDP更为常见)。priority:候选者的优先级,用于在选择最佳候选对时进行比较。优先级的计算公式考虑了候选类型优先级、本地优先级和组件ID。address:候选者的IP地址。port。

qq_42805085的博客 1901

POVME3口袋体积计算:从.ini配置到实战解析

本文详细解析了POVME3口袋体积计算工具,从核心原理、环境准备到实战应用。重点剖析了控制计算行为的.ini配置文件,包括如何定义口袋区域、精修范围及锁定目标,并提供了固定坐标与配体引导两种实战策略,帮助研究人员从分子动力学轨迹中量化分析蛋白质结合口袋的动态变化。

weixin_29043895的博客 538

桑基图实战指南:Excel/Python/R三工具高效绘制方法

桑基图是一种以线条宽度编码流量大小、以节点位置表达流程阶段、以连接关系呈现数据流向的专项可视化技术,其核心原理在于‘宽即量、位即序、连即逻辑’。它并非装饰性图表,而是面向业务诊断的分析前置工具,尤其适用于预算分配、能源损耗、用户转化等存在明确单向流动与显著数值差异的场景。相比传统柱状图或漏斗图,桑基图能天然暴露系统瓶颈与隐性损耗,大幅提升决策效率。本文聚焦工程落地,覆盖Excel插件快速交付、Python Plotly交互开发、R networkD3生态集成三大主流路径,兼顾数据准备铁律、索引映射规范与中文

cuml0912的博客 489

【斯坦福计网CS144项目】环境配置 & Lab0: ByteStream

前言 感觉学了不少 C++ 编程的知识和技术但比较缺少实践,于是打算找一些项目跟着做一做。 首先安利一个自学网站 CS自学指南,北大的同学做的,汇总了很多国内外高校 CS 相关的高质量公开课,其中大部分是有课程项目的。翻了翻感觉 Stanford 的这门 CS144 计网课的 Lab 比较有趣,难度也不错,就是它了! 课程网址:CS 144: Introduction to Computer Networking 我跟的是 2021 Fall 学期的版本。 准备工作 在上面的网站中先把 8 个实验的文档(

アルタイル 8165

ARM架构实战:在鲲鹏920服务器上用Debian12部署PVE虚拟化平台

本文详细介绍了在基于ARM架构的华为鲲鹏920服务器上,以Debian 12为底层系统,部署Proxmox VE(PVE)虚拟化平台的完整实战流程。文章重点解析了ARM64架构下PVE软件源的配置、内核安装的注意事项、部署后网络与存储的调优,并提供了针对ARM虚拟化环境的性能优化建议,为在国产化硬件上构建稳定高效的虚拟化环境提供了宝贵经验。

efc12345678的博客 781

深度学习工具包 DeepLearningToolbox

深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

文档:亲测可用解决vnc灰屏,黑屏,鼠标大黑叉情况

主要解决vnc-viewer灰屏,黑屏,鼠标大黑叉等现象,详细见文档。

Probability and Statistics - 4th edition

Probability and Statistics - 4th edition

最新的sdio 4.0 spec 协议标准 带书签 高清完整PDF版

Part-E1-SDIO-Specification-Ver4.00-Final-120220.pdf:最新的sdio 4.0 spec 协议标准 带书签 高清完整PDF版,包括SDIO 接口的外设,SDIO 接口官方协议等。

上一篇: 46、人机协作机器学习产品案例解析
下一篇: 23、企业风险管理与治理的全面解析
code8
博客等级 码龄17年 65粉丝 1720原创
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符  | 博主筛选后可见
 
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付:10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值