12C 探路第一个 ORA 28040

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-25 17:35:15 发布

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文章标签：数据库

本文介绍了Oracle 12c数据库中Pluggable Database (PDB)的基本概念及其与传统模式的区别。包括如何判断当前环境是否为CDB、如何连接和启动PDB等内容，并解决了ORA-28040错误的相关配置问题。

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基础知识回顾

1问：cbd,pdb?

在12c以前，Oracle数据库是通过Schema来进行用户模式隔离的,而现在通过pluggable pdb实现隔离，pdb有独立的system sysaux,让自用原数据和系统元数据隔离，可以调高数据库整体性能，例如No cbd模式的数据库，新建一个temp表，则一定会在公用的obj$,tab$中写入相关信息，在 cdb模式下，只需要在pdb的system sysaux写入元数据，而无需写入root container的数据字典元数据里。

2问：登陆12c？

首先确定是否是cdb


show parameter pluggable
select name,cdb,con_id from v$database;

查看当前用户连接是cdb还是pdb


show user
select con_id,name from v$containers;
SELECT con_id,NAME,OPEN_MODE,restricted from v$pdbs
通过上述关注con_id
show con_id
show con_name

3问：如何连接到pdb?


alter session set container=pdb$seed
或
conn sys/***@PDBORCL as sysdba

4问：如何启动pdb?


alter  pluggable database PDBORCL open;

解析ORA 28040

-bash-3.2$ oerr ora 28040

28040, 0000, "No matching authentication protocol"

// *Cause: There was no acceptable authentication protocol for

// either client or server.

// *Action: The administrator should set the values of the

// SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER and

// SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT parameters, on both the

// client and on the server, to values that match the minimum

// version software supported in the system.

// This error is also raised when the client is authenticating to

// a user account which was created without a verifier suitable for

// the client software version. In this situation, that account's

// password must be reset, in order for the required verifier to

// be generated and allow authentication to proceed successfully.

参考： 12c Database Alert.log File Shows The Message: Using Deprecated SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION Parameter (文档 ID 2111876.1)

Specify the value for 'n' based on your own environment. The default setting for the new parameters is 11. Any client that attempts to connect must be at version 11 or higher unless these parameters are explicitly set in the server side sqlnet.ora file.

3b. For example: Set these parameters at the lowest version level that is required in your environment.
The example shpow below shows the following: All clients at version 10 or higher would require this setting:

SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=10
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_CLIENT=10