yum的安装与配置

如果机器上没有yum首先安装yum

1. 下载新的yum包
   
2. 64位linux系统下载安装包
   
3. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-3.2.22-40.el5.centos.noarch.rpm
   
4. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-21.el5.centos.noarch.rpm
   
5. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-4.el5.x86_64.rpm
   
6. 32位linux系统下载安装包
   
7. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-3.2.22-40.el5.centos.noarch.rpm
   
8. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-21.el5.centos.noarch.rpm
   
9. wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-4.el5.i386.rpm

 centos6的源
 http://tel.mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/

# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-30.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm

注：这一步要两个一起安装，要不会会出现如下错误：

一.配置本地yum源
 

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. 方法略~~~

二：.配置网络yum源
   1.配置epel源

1. 
   
2. 1.如果你使用的是RHEL6.x,CentOS6.x,Scientific6.x等6.x的RHEL系linux的话,执行：
   
3. 
   
4. [root@test ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm
   
5. 
   
6. 2.如果你使用的是5.x系列的，执行：
   
7. 
   
8. [root@test ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
   
9. 
   
10. 3.如果你使用的是4.x系列的，执行：
    
11. 
    
12. [root@test ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/4/i386/epel-release-4-10.noarch.rpm
    
13. 
    
14. 其实上面安装的那个包就是在你系统/etc/yum.repos.d/下释放了2个yum源的repo文件而已：
    
15. 
    
16. /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 正式版，所有的软件都是稳定可以信赖的
    
17. /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo 测试版
    
18. 但是默认情况下，只有正式版是有效状态的，如果你想试试测试版的话，需要修改/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo，把enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。
    
19. 
    
20. 另外，如果你要使用yumdownloader来下载src.rpm包的话，需要把epel.repo里[epel-source]域下的enabled=0也改成enabled=1即可。
    
21. 
    
22. 当然了，如果你暂时不想使用EPEL的yum源的话，把对应文件里的enabled=1改成enabled=0就行了，如果你完全不需要了，那就直接卸载掉：
    
23. 
    
24. [root@test ~]# rpm -e epel-release                 删除epel源
25. [root@test ~]# yum repolist                        查看epel源的具体信息
26. [root@test ~]# yum install -y htop                 测试一下看可不可以
27. 
    

2.配置remi源

获取安装包
[root@test ~]# #wget http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-5.rpm

[root@test ~]# rpm -ivh remi-release-5.rpm

在 /etc/yum.repos.d/下释放了1个yum源的repo文件
[root@gc1.cuug.net: /etc/yum.repos.d]$ ls
CentOS-Base.repo  epel.repo  epel-testing.repo  remi-release-5.rpm  remi.repo  yum.repo.old


当有多个repo源的时候我们可以指定yum源来安装软件
[root@gc1.cuug.net: /etc/yum.repos.d]$ yum --enablerepo=remi repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
 * remi: rpms.remirepo.net
repo id repo name status
addons CentOS-5 - Addons 0
base CentOS-5 - Base 2,791
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 5,461
extras CentOS-5 - Extras 272
remi Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 5 - i386 1,937
update CentOS-5 - Updates 418
repolist: 10,879

安装好后可以查看以下remi的php和mysql版本,都提供有5.5版,但php5.5由remi-test提供,生产环境请慎用:
yum --enablerepo=remi-test,remi list php mysql
remi-test和remi源默认是不开启的,需要通过--enablerepo参数指定,把/etc/yum.repos.d/remi.repo里对应的[remi]和[remi-test]块下的enabled=0改为enabled=1则为默认开启.
epel源则有fedora社区维护,里面有很多centos官方源没有的软件,比如非常实用的命令行界面任务管理器htop:
yum --enablerepo=epel -y install htop
可以省略--enablerepo=epel,因为epel默认是开启,而epel-testing是默认不开启的,要默认开启,修改同上.

   3.配置其它yum源

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. 
   
2.   1>centos的配置源
   
3. 
   
5.    下载yum的配置源
   

wget http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/CentOS-Base.repo 下载到 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 目录下面
   运行yum makecache生成缓存

   或者使用手工的方法配置

1. 配置yum更新源
   
2. 创建/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo文件，定义yum更新源，这里使用的是上海交大的CentOS更新源
   
3. [root@linux-a ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
   
4. [base]
   
5. name=CentOS-5-Base
   
6. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&repo=os
   
7. #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
   
8. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/$basearch/
   
9. gpgcheck=0
   
10. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
    
11. #released updates
    
12. [update]
    
13. name=CentOS-5-Updates
    
14. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
    
15. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/updates/$basearch/
    
16. gpgcheck=0
    
17. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
    
18. #packages used/produced in the build but not released
    
19. [addons]
    
20. name=CentOS-5-Addons
    
21. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
    
22. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/addons/$basearch/
    
23. gpgcheck=0
    
24. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
    
25. #additional packages that may be useful
    
26. [extras]
    
27. name=CentOS-5-Extras
    
28. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
    
29. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/extras/$basearch/
    
30. gpgcheck=0
    
31. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
    
32. #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    
33. [centosplus]
    
34. name=CentOS-5-Plus
    
35. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
    
36. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/centosplus/$basearch/
    
37. gpgcheck=0
    
38. enabled=0
    
39. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
    
40. #contrib - packages by Centos Users
    
41. [contrib]
    
42. name=CentOS-5-Contrib
    
43. #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
    
44. baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/contrib/$basearch/
    
45. gpgcheck=0
    
46. enabled=0
    
47. gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
48. # vi dag.repo
    
49. [dag]
    
50. name=Dag RPM Repository for RHEL5
    
51. baseurl=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/redhat/el5/en/$basearch/dag/
    
52. enabled=1
    
53. gpgcheck=0
    
54. gpgkey=http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/dag/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
    
55. 
    
56. 导入key
    
57. [root@linux-a ~]# rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
    
58. 
    
59. 运行YUM，测试
    
60. [root@linux-a ~]# yum install xmms-mp3
    
61. Loading "installonlyn" plugin
    
62. Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
    
63. This system is not registered with RHN.
    
64. RHN support will be disabled.
    
65. Setting up Install Process
    
66. Setting up repositories
    
67. Reading repository metadata in from local files
    
68. Parsing package install arguments
    
69. Resolving Dependencies
    
70. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
    
71. ---> Package xmms-mp3.i386 1:1.2.10-16.el5.rf set to be updated
    
72. --> Running transaction check
    
73. --> Processing Dependency: libglib-1.2.so.0 for package: xmms-mp3
    
74. --> Processing Dependency: libgdk-1.2.so.0 for package: xmms-mp3
    
75. --> Processing Dependency: libgthread-1.2.so.0 for package: xmms-mp3
    
76. --> Processing Dependency: libgmodule-1.2.so.0 for package: xmms-mp3
    
77. --> Processing Dependency: libgtk-1.2.so.0 for package: xmms-mp3
    
78. --> Processing Dependency: libxmms.so.1 for package: xmms-mp3
    
79. --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
    
80. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
    
81. ---> Package xmms.i386 1:1.2.10-14.el5.rf set to be updated
    
82. ---> Package glib.i386 1:1.2.10-20.el5 set to be updated
    
83. ---> Downloading header for gtk+ to pack into transaction set.
    
84. gtk+-1.2.10-56.el5.i386.r 100% |=========================| 25 kB 00:00
    
85. ---> Package gtk+.i386 1:1.2.10-56.el5 set to be updated
    
86. --> Running transaction check
    
87. --> Processing Dependency: libmikmod.so.2 for package: xmms
    
88. --> Processing Dependency: gdk-pixbuf >= 0.18.0 for package: gtk+
    
89. --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
    
90. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
    
91. ---> Downloading header for gdk-pixbuf to pack into transaction set.
    
92. gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-25.el5. 100% |=========================| 16 kB 00:00
    
93. ---> Package gdk-pixbuf.i386 1:0.22.0-25.el5 set to be updated
    
94. ---> Downloading header for mikmod to pack into transaction set.
    
95. mikmod-3.1.6-38.1.i386.rp 100% |=========================| 7.7 kB 00:00
    
96. ---> Package mikmod.i386 0:3.1.6-38.1 set to be updated
    
97. --> Running transaction check
    
98. Dependencies Resolved
    
99. =============================================================================
    
100.  Package Arch Version Repository Size
     
101. =============================================================================
     
102. Installing:
     
103.  xmms-mp3 i386 1:1.2.10-16.el5.rf dag 179 k
     
104. Installing for dependencies:
     
105.  gdk-pixbuf i386 1:0.22.0-25.el5 base 231 k
     
106.  glib i386 1:1.2.10-20.el5 base 137 k
     
107.  gtk+ i386 1:1.2.10-56.el5 base 923 k
     
108.  mikmod i386 3.1.6-38.1 base 201 k
     
109.  xmms i386 1:1.2.10-14.el5.rf dag 2.3 M
     
110. Transaction Summary
     
111. =============================================================================
     
112. Install 6 Package(s)
     
113. Update 0 Package(s)
     
114. Remove 0 Package(s)
     
115. Total download size: 3.9 M
     
116. Is this ok [y/N]:

  2>其它常用yum源
   网易（163）yum源是国内最好的yum源之一 ，无论是速度还是软件版本，都非常的不错，将yum源设置为163yum，可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度，同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。具体设置方法如下：
1，进入yum源配置目录
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
2，备份系统自带的yum源
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bk
下载163网易的yum源：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
3，更新玩yum源后，执行下边命令更新yum配置，使操作立即生效
yum makecache
4，除了网易之外，国内还有其他不错的yum源，比如中科大和搜狐的，大家可以根据自己需求下载
中科大的yum源：
wget http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/CentOS-Base.repo
sohu的yum源
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/CentOS-Base-sohu.repo
理论上讲，这些yum源redhat系统以及fedora也是可以用 的，但是没有经过测试，需要的站长可以自己测试一下

一般碰到需要安装包什么的需求时我一般都是这样做的：
本地yum源安装>epel/remi源安装>其它yum源安装
按这个步骤一般的安装包问题或者依赖关系基本都能解决~~~

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/29096438/viewspace-1785734/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/29096438/viewspace-1785734/