云看纪录片 ＜英语发展史 the adventure of English＞第二集

英语转入地下

cease doing(to do)的区别

cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。 cease doing短时间停止做某事。

 在北方，得益于与丹麦语的接触，英语语法逐渐简化, more plurals were being formed by adding an "s".古英语的“namen”变成“namens”. 更多介词代替词缀，词序排列也越发固定。英语变化着，until the time came for it to resume(重新开始；回复地位) centre satge.  

It was she, more than any other, who patronised the poets and troubadours(行吟乐师)whose verses and songs created the romantic image of the Middle Ages as age of chivalry(骑士精神).

The word "chivalry" came to mean a whole modle of ideals and behaviour infused with honour and altruism(利他主义), one that prescribed how to act towards one's leige lord, and his fair crule ladies.Ideas had shifted and words with them.

It was in Eleanor’s reign that French writers brought the stories of Arthur and his knights, out of the history books and into poetry, cultivating a language far richer and subtler than the one that the first Norman settlers had spoken and written.

The poets rhapsodized about Eleanor, celebrating her as the most beautiful woman in the world, pouring out the impossible longing for the perfect woman that was at the heart of the cult of courtly love.

The poetry of affairs of the heart had come to England, singing of pain and joy, and beginning a line in literature that tuns through Shakespeare’s sonnets and the great Romantic poets to today’s three-minute pop lyrics.

#oh! My love~~~~~#

Meanwhile, England’s native inhabitants were singing their own songs about things in their less exalted condition, things  concerned them every day.They song in their own language__English.  没有法语单词，一脉相承的古英语

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英语史纪录片第二集精彩片段 ～一条贯穿其中的文学脉络