vsftpd安装以及常见问题

1.安装

• 检查Linux系统是否安装了vsftpd的命令：rpm -qa|grep vsftpd
• 卸载vsftpd的命令yum remove vsftpd
• 执行yum -y install vsftpd

yum安装vsftpd的默认配置文件在/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf，见第六节的配置文件详情，覆盖后重启服务  

systemctl restart vsftpd

 

2.添加FTP文件目录

• mkdir -p /web/data/ftp

3.添加用户

• useradd -d /web/data/ftp -s /sbin/nologin -M ftpuser
• echo 'ftpuser_passward' | passwd --stdin ftpuser

4.检查文件目录是否有权限

 

• 查看目录下文件信息（包括隐藏文件）: 

ll -a

•   文件目录赋权

chowm -R ftpuser:ftpser /web/data/ftp

5.常见问题

5.1 ftp登录shell为nologin无法登录

• ftp会根据/etc/shells这个文件来判断一个用户是否是有效用户，会阻止那些shell不在/etc/shells里的用户登陆.
  所以如果ftp用户的登录shell为/sbin/nologin 则添加到/etc/shells文件里面

5.2 当直接连接ftp成功但报出无法显示文件目录错误

• iptables里面仅仅开放了80、21等常用端口，vsFTPd在被动模式时无法使用随机端口，从而造成了客户端连接FTP时无法列出目录这样的问题。解决方式很简单，给vsFTPd增加随机端口的范围，然后把这个端口范围添加到iptables。给vsFTPd增加随机端口的范围，然后把这个端口范围添加到iptables就可以解决vsftpd不能显示文件目录的问题。
• 参考地址：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/imyyx125/article/details/77988841

1.修改/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf的配置文件，在文件末端添加：

pasv_max_port=6003

pasv_min_port=5555

2. 添加一条防火墙规则:

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 5555:6003 -j ACCEPT

service iptables save 

systemctl restart iptables

6.常用配置文件 

• 新建文件：vsftpd.conf，覆盖目录 /etc/vsftpd/ 下的 vsftpd.conf 文件，重启

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
ftpd_banner=Authorized users only. All activity may be monitored and reported.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
tcp_wrappers=YES
idle_session_timeout=3000

pasv_enable=yes
pasv_min_port=5555
pasv_max_port=6003