配置tnsnames.ora遇到的几个问题总结

配置tnsnames.ora遇到的几个问题总结

今天打算在本地配置下tnsnames.ora，以便方便的访问虚拟机中的数据库，这样就可以不需要用secure crt进入到linux主机再进入数据库了。其中遇到了几个问题，总结如下：

在windows cmd中连接目标数据库的时候遇到

ORA-12541: TNS: 无监听程序

ERROR:

[oracle@zeng ~]$ oerr ora 12541

12541, 00000, "TNS:no listener"

// *Cause: The connection request could not be completed because the listener

// is not running.

// *Action: Ensure that the supplied destination address matches one of

// the addresses used by the listener - compare the TNSNAMES.ORA entry with

// the appropriate LISTENER.ORA file (or TNSNAV.ORA if the connection is to

// go by way of an Interchange). Start the listener on the remote machine.

查看监听程序的状态

[oracle@zeng ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-FEB-2012 12:16:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))

TNS-12541: TNS:no listener

TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error

TNS-00511: No listener

Linux Error: 111: Connection refused

启动监听程序

[oracle@zeng ~]$ lsnrctl start 

总结：原因是目标主机中数据库的监听程序没有启动。

ORA-12545: 因目标主机或对象不存在, 连接失败

[oracle@zeng ~]$ oerr ora 12545

12545, 00000, "Connect failed because target host or object does not exist"

// *Cause: The address specified is not valid, or the program being 

// connected to does not exist.

// *Action: Ensure the ADDRESS parameters have been entered correctly; the

// most likely incorrect parameter is the node name.  Ensure that the 

// executable for the server exists (perhaps "oracle" is missing.)

// If the protocol is TCP/IP, edit the TNSNAMES.ORA file to change the

// host name to a numeric IP address and try again.

原tnsnames,ora中的内容

oracl= (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =zeng)(PORT =1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = oracl.zeng.com)

    )

  )

修改以后的tnsnames.ora中的内容

oracl= (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.56.101)(PORT =1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = oracl.zeng.com)

    )

  )

总结：原因是目标主机不存在，或者DNS无法解析主机名，尝试换成主机的IP地址。

ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

可以使用下面的命令具体的查看错误信息，不过上面的提示已经很清楚了。

[oracle@zeng ~]$ oerr ora 12514

修改tnsmame.ora中的内容

oracl= (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.56.101)(PORT =1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = oracl)

    )

  )

即SERVICE_NAME = oracl.zeng.com修改成SERVICE_NAME = oracl

总结：因为数据库服务名默认是和全局数据库服务名一致的，我把数据库全局名当数据库服务名用了。我要连接的数据库中的数据库服务名与全局数据库名没有配置成一致。

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