以太坊源码深入分析（8）-- 以太坊核心BlockChain源码分析

前面几节都在分析以太坊的通信协议，怎么广播，怎么同步，怎么下载。这一节讲讲以太坊的核心模块BlockChain，也就是以太坊的区块链。

一，BlockChain的初始化

Ethereum服务初始化的时候会调用core.SetupGenesisBlock来加载创始区块。顾名思义，创始区块就是以太坊区块链中的第一个区块，number值为0。紧接着调用core.NewBlockChain来加载以太坊的区块链。

func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, vmConfig vm.Config) (*BlockChain, error) {
	if cacheConfig == nil {
		cacheConfig = &CacheConfig{
			TrieNodeLimit: 256 * 1024 * 1024,
			TrieTimeLimit: 5 * time.Minute,
		}
	}
	bodyCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
	bodyRLPCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
	blockCache, _ := lru.New(blockCacheLimit)
	futureBlocks, _ := lru.New(maxFutureBlocks)
	badBlocks, _ := lru.New(badBlockLimit)


	bc := &BlockChain{
		chainConfig:  chainConfig,
		cacheConfig:  cacheConfig,
		db:           db,
		triegc:       prque.New(),
		stateCache:   state.NewDatabase(db),
		quit:         make(chan struct{}),
		bodyCache:    bodyCache,
		bodyRLPCache: bodyRLPCache,
		blockCache:   blockCache,
		futureBlocks: futureBlocks,
		engine:       engine,
		vmConfig:     vmConfig,
		badBlocks:    badBlocks,
	}
	bc.SetValidator(NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc, engine))
	bc.SetProcessor(NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc, engine))


	var err error
	bc.hc, err = NewHeaderChain(db, chainConfig, engine, bc.getProcInterrupt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	bc.genesisBlock = bc.GetBlockByNumber(0)
	if bc.genesisBlock == nil {
		return nil, ErrNoGenesis
	}
	if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Check the current state of the block hashes and make sure that we do not have any of the bad blocks in our chain
	for hash := range BadHashes {
		if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(hash); header != nil {
			// get the canonical block corresponding to the offending header's number
			headerByNumber := bc.GetHeaderByNumber(header.Number.Uint64())
			// make sure the headerByNumber (if present) is in our current canonical chain
			if headerByNumber != nil && headerByNumber.Hash() == header.Hash() {
				log.Error("Found bad hash, rewinding chain", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.ParentHash)
				bc.SetHead(header.Number.Uint64() - 1)
				log.Error("Chain rewind was successful, resuming normal operation")
			}
		}
	}
	// Take ownership of this particular state
	go bc.update()
	return bc, nil
}

初始化方法做了这么几件事：
1，创建各种lru缓存(最近最少使用的算法)
2，初始化triegc（用于垃圾回收的区块number 对应的优先级队列），初始化stateDb，NewBlockValidator()初始化区块和状态验证器，NewStateProcessor()初始化区块状态处理器
3，NewHeaderChain()初始化区块头部链
4，bc.genesisBlock = bc.GetBlockByNumber(0)  拿到第0个区块，也就是创世区块
5，bc.loadLastState() 加载最新的状态数据
6，查找本地区块链上时候有硬分叉的区块，如果有调用bc.SetHead回到硬分叉之前的区块头
7，go bc.update() 定时处理future block

二，看看bc.loadLastState()方法

func (bc *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {
	// Restore the last known head block
	head := GetHeadBlockHash(bc.db)
	if head == (common.Hash{}) {
		// Corrupt or empty database, init from scratch
		log.Warn("Empty database, resetting chain")
		return bc.Reset()
	}
	// Make sure the entire head block is available
	currentBlock := bc.GetBlockByHash(head)
	if currentBlock == nil {
		// Corrupt or empty database, init from scratch
		log.Warn("Head block missing, resetting chain", "hash", head)
		return bc.Reset()
	}
	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available
	if _, err := state.New(currentBlock.Root(), bc.stateCache); err != nil {
		// Dangling block without a state associated, init from scratch
		log.Warn("Head state missing, repairing chain", "number", currentBlock.Number(), "hash", currentBlock.Hash())
		if err := bc.repair(¤tBlock); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	// Everything seems to be fine, set as the head block
	bc.currentBlock.Store(currentBlock)


	// Restore the last known head header
	currentHeader := currentBlock.Header()
	if head := GetHeadHeaderHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
		if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(head); header != nil {
			currentHeader = header
		}
	}
	bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(currentHeader)


	// Restore the last known head fast block
	bc.currentFastBlock.Store(currentBlock)
	if head := GetHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
		if block := bc.GetBlockByHash(head); block != nil {
			bc.currentFastBlock.Store(block)
		}
	}


	// Issue a status log for the user
	currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock()


	headerTd := bc.GetTd(currentHeader.Hash(), currentHeader.Number.Uint64())
	blockTd := bc.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64())
	fastTd := bc.GetTd(currentFastBlock.Hash(), currentFastBlock.NumberU64())


	log.Info("Loaded most recent local header", "number", currentHeader.Number, "hash", currentHeader.Hash(), "td", headerTd)
	log.Info("Loaded most recent local full block", "number", currentBlock.Number(), "hash", currentBlock.Hash(), "td", blockTd)
	log.Info("Loaded most recent local fast block", "number", currentF