Oracle RDA 使用详解-优快云博客

oracle rda [@more@]

1 RDA(RemoteDiagnostic Agent)是oracle用来收集、分析数据库的工具，运行该工具不会改变系统的任何参数，RDA收集的相关数据非常全面，可以简化我们日常监控、分析数据库的工作。一般Oracle 原厂的人巡检也是使用RDA工具。不过一般国内的DBA 巡检时很少使用这个工具，一般都是通过AWR 或者自己整几个脚本，跑了在分析一下就ok了。在MOS 上创建SR(Service Request)时（我08年刚接触Oracle时，那是MOS 上还是称呼Tar，后来改成了SR了）。 Oracle 也会要求客户上传RDA的信息。通过RDA 可以快速的了解系统的状况。RDA 是用Perl 脚本写出来的。可以通过MOS 下载RDA。 RDA 是一个客户端，解压缩之后就可以直接使用了。

2.1 Platforms Supported

At this time,RDA has been successfully tested to run on the following Supported platforms:

1) Apple Mac OS X/Darwin

2) HP OpenVMS Alpha 7.3-2 andabove

3) HP OpenVMS Itanium

4) HP Tru64 UNIX

5) HP-UX Itanium

6) HP-UX PA-RISC (32 and 64 bit)

7) IBM AIX on POWER Systems(32 and64 bit)

8) IBM Dynix/Ptx

9) IBM Linux on POWER

10) IBM zSeries Based Linux

11) Linux Itanium

12) Linux x86 (32 and 64 bit)

13) Microsoft Windows 2000Workstation and Server

14) Microsoft Windows 2003 Server

15) Microsoft Windows 2008

16) Microsoft Windows Vista

17) Microsoft Windows XPProfessional

18) Sun Solaris Intel

19) Sun Solaris SPARC (32 and 64bit)

2.2 FollowingPlatforms are NOT Supported:

IBM Z/OS(OS/390)

You can run RDAalso on other platforms that support Perl 5.005 and later. However, OracleSupport recommends testing on a non-production server first because theperformance is unpredictable. For example, you will receive errors when RDAattempts to run utilities and commands that are not supported on theseplatforms.

3.1 RDA 安装

1)Choose or create a directory orarea on your UNIX server. Make sure you have sufficient space for the RDAoutput (~150MB). It does not matter where you create this directory or what itis named, but the same user that runs RDA must own it. Do not use a directorythat contains an older version of RDA unless you have deleted the previousversion of RDA first. If necessary, you can reuse prior setup files.

Note: The rda.zip creates a directory named "rda" containing all the requiredfiles when you extract it.

--解压之后会创建rda的目录

Do not extract the contents of the RDA archive on a Windows client first or youwill have to remove the ^M characters from the end of each line in all of theshell scripts in order for them to run.

--不要在windows 平台上解压缩linux 的RDA。因为这样会移除shell脚本每行的^M 字符。

2)FTP the downloaded rda.zip fileto your UNIX server in binary mode and place it in the directory chosen in step1.

3)Extract the .zip archivecontents into a new directory, preserving the directory structure of thearchive. Do not extract into a directory that contains an older RDA version.For example:

unzip rda.zip

4)Make sure the RDA command(rda.sh and rda.pl) is executable. To verify, enter the following command:

chmod +x

--确认rda.sh 和 rda.pl 脚本的权限。这2个脚本作用是一样的，只是一个是shell，一个是perl，都是用来收集信息的，如果我们要使用RDA,就是执行其中一个脚本就可以了。

5) You can verify the RDA installation using the following command:

./-cv

--rda 不需要安装，解压缩之后就可以使用了。

3.2 RDA使用说明

关于RDA的详细使用说明，参考：

RemoteDiagnostic Agent (RDA) 4 - FAQ [ID 330363.1]

在Linux/Unix操作系统中，oracle推荐在数据库创建用户下执行（oracle用户）。在第一次使用RDA时，会在命令行上有一些交互的信息，会让你确实是否收集某些信息。等确认完毕后，会在rda目录下面生成2个配置文件：setup.cfg、setup.bak。这里面保存了交互时确认的信息。

当我们下次执行RDA时，那么就不需要再次进行交互信息的确认。直接从第一次生成的配置文件中读取即可。这个交互信息非常多，是需要点耐心来逐步确认的。也可以通过命令生成默认的配置文件。如果我们想更改收集的配置，那么可以直接修改这2个配置文件。在执行rda 命令就可以了。

RDA 收集的信息会默认会放到/rda/output 文件夹下，在第一次运行RDA时，会提示指定RDA文件已什么开头，并保存在什么位置。 RDA文件有2种格式的文件，一个是html，一个是txt。其中会有一个_start.htm 的文件，我们可以通过这个文件开开始阅读整个RDA。

在生成RDA 文件的同时，默认还会把RDA文件打成一个压缩包。这个压缩包里的内容和我们output文件夹下的一致。这个压缩包是用来发送oracle的。一般创建SR时，Oracle 会要求提供这个RDA的压缩包。

4 MOS 的文档上贴几个常见的问题

（1）How do I force RDA to run Setup again?

RDA will readthe values it finds in "setup.cfg" first before requiring to answerany setup questions. You can force RDA to start the setup process again intwo(2) ways.

--在非第一次运行RDA的情况下，默认会读取setup.cfg文件。如果要强制的再次setup，有如下2种方法：

Deleting or renaming the"setup.cfg" file ：

$ ./rda.pl -S or

c:>rda.cmd -S or

$ ./rda.sh -S

Running the following RDAcommand:

$ ./rda.pl -Sfn or

c:>rda.cmd -Sfn or

$ ./rda.sh -Sfn

（2）How do I force RDA to collect data again?

RDA will readthe values it finds in directory first, if it finds data thathas not been collected it will attempt to collect that data. However if youwant RDA to collect data again you can execute the following commands. (-v: verbose , C: collect , R: render into html, P:Package contents of output directory into archive, and f : forceexecution of all commands.

$ ./rda.sh -vCRPf or

c:>rda.cmd -vCRPf or

$ ./rda.pl -vCRPf or

$./rda.sh -vf or

c:>rda.cmd -vf

Finally, if youneed to run data collection for specific module again you can just run thefollowing command (OS: Operating system and DBA: Database)

$ ./rda.sh -vCRP OS DB or

c:>rda.cmd -vCRP OS DBA

Note: Thecollection process will execute must faster and you will not receive anynotices when it completes. This also overwrite the data in the outputdirectory.

（3）Where is the RDA output located?

The output is aset of HTML files that are located in the RDA output directory which you specified at setup (the default is /rda/output). You can review the data collected, by using a Web Browser to open the following file located in theoutput directory:

RDA__start.htm

Note that the first part of the name "RDA" can be different, depending on your specific RDA setup.

The final outputis also packaged in an archive located in the output directory chosen during RDA setup -- the packaged output file will have a .zip, .tar, .tar.gz,or .tar.Z extension.

If the data collection was generated to assist in resolving a Service Request, send the report archive (note: file name varies, but ends in .zip, .tar, .tar.gz,or .tar.Z ; e.a: RDA.RDA_db_autoxyz.zip) to Oracle Support by uploading the file via My Oracle Support. If FTP'ing the file, please be sure to FTP in BINARY format. Do not rename the file, as the file name helps OracleSupport quickly identify that RDA output is attached to the service request.>

Note: Thefinal output directory may not contain an archive file (.zip, .tar, .tar.gz,or .tar.Z ). If the archive is missing, please archive all the files inthe manually and send them to Oracle Support. You canuse a packaging/archive utility program like http://www.info-zip.org/Zip.html toperform this task.

（4）What does the RDA-nnnnn error mean when I executedRDA?

RDA has a builtin error handling mechanism. You can discover the meaning and possible solutionto the error by using the following RDA command line argument: rda.pl -E {ERROR#} . i.e:

可以使用RDA 命令查看对应错误的详细说明

$ ./rda.pl -E RDA-14

RDA-00014: %d issue(s) found in the RDA installation

*Cause: issues encountered when checking the RDA installation

*Action: A fresh install of RDA is probably the easiest way to fix file

alteration problems. However, permission problems can result from

other factors:

- If RDA has been installed by another user, the default settings

could be too restrictive. Please review the local context with

that user and your appropriate local authorities.

- Execution permissions can be missing on startup scripts for other

platforms and when perl is not available from the command line.

（5）Can RDA be setup without asking any questions?

Yes. RDA wasdesigned to determine values to setup question from the customer OSenvironment. You can also, pass all default parameters and values in a singlecommand like this:

$ ./rda.pl-Sy -e SQL_SYSDBA=1,SQL_LOGIN=/ OS INST DB

在前面讲到，第一次运行RDA时，要确认很多信息。那么可以使用这种方法避免进行交互。当然如果是初次使用RDA，还是很有必要了解一下收集的内容。

这里要注意的事，该命令仅仅是快速的生成配置文件，并没有生成RDA的信息。我们还是需要再次运行rda.sh 命令的。

（6）Can RDA be scheduled to run automatically via CRONor AT?

Yes. You need tocheck with your OS documentation regarding running scheduling applications likeCRON and AT. Please note you may need purge RDA log files in the directory and encode passwords in your setup.cfgwhen required.

（7）How can I reduce the size or amount of RDA outputfiles?

RDA has 2mechanisms to reduce the size and quantity of trace and log files it collectsand packages in the output file. The first is built into the advance setupprofiles of the various collection modules, specifically for the (INI, DB,WEBC, IAS, GTW, RAC) modules and can be called using the following command(s):

$ rda.sh -S -p expert INI DB or

rda.cmd -S -p expert INI DB or

rda.pl -S -p expert INI DB

The second isusing the using "-e" switch when calling RDA (rda.sh, rda.cmd, orrda.pl):

See modules:DB:[DB_TRACE_AGE, ALERT_TAIL], INI:[RDA_TAIL], GTW:[GATEWAY_TAIL],IAS:[DCM_TAIL], WEBC:[WEBCACHE_TAIL], RAC:[CLUSTER_TAIL]

./rda.sh -e DB_TRACE_AGE=5,ALERT_TAIL=1000 or

./rda.cmd -e DB_TRACE_AGE=5, ALERT_TAIL=1000

（8）How do I verify the RDA package that I installedis not corrupted?

RDA has aninternal file verification system to handle most types of file corruptions, aslong as ./rda.pl, rda.sh, or rda.cmd can be called or not corrupt themselves:It can be run using the following command.

验证RDA的安装是否正确

$ ./rda.sh -vc or

C:>rda.cmd -vc or

$ ./rda.pl –vc

（9）Why is RDA taking a long time to run the setupprocess?

Commandexecution can be slow to start when there are difficulties to detect the TCP/IPdomain of the server that RDA is running on. The setup process can takesseveral minutes in some circumstances. The RDA_DOMAINenvironment variable can avoid that.

On UNIX:

$RDA_DOMAIN=oracle.com

./rda.sh -S or

$RDA_DOMAIN=oracle.com

$export RDA_DOMAIN

$./rda.sh -S

On Windows:

C:setRDA_DOMAIN=oracle.com

C:rda.cmd -S

（10）How to disable the parallel collection in RDA 4.18and later?

Set the defaultfor NO_PARALLEL to 1 in modules/S000INI.cfg, and specify NO_PARALLEL=1 in allsetup files already present.

[oracle@rac2 rda]$ catsetup.bak |grep NO_PARALLEL