38.Maria安装 Apache安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-30 23:14:11 发布

chym2015

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-30 23:14:11 发布

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原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/3866192/blog/3072981

本文详细介绍了MariaDB和Apache的安装过程。MariaDB安装基本类似MySQL，使用二进制免编译包，需配置相关文件和启动脚本。Apache安装需先编译apr和apr - util，再编译httpd，安装过程中可能会遇到缺少库的问题，文中给出了解决办法。

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11.6 MariaDB安装

11.7/11.8/11.9 Apache安装

扩展

apache dso https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/6298

apache apxs http://man.chinaunix.net/newsoft/ApacheMenual_CN_2.2new/programs/apxs.html

apache工作模式 https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/STFPHP/article/details/52954303

11.6 MariaDB安装：

基本类似于MySQL，一样使用二进制的免编译包

cd /usr/local/src

wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

cd /usr/local/mariadb

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb

cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf 拷贝最小的配置文件模板就可以，如果内存够大可以拷贝最大的huge

vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf //定义basedir和datadir

cp support-files/mysql.conf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf 拷贝配置文件模板

vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf 定义datadir = /data/mariadb

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb 拷贝运行脚本

vim /etc/init.d/mariadb //定义basedir、datadir、conf以及启动参数

/etc/init.d/mariadb start

实例：

[root@localhost mariadb]# tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@localhost mariadb]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

[root@localhost src]# cd ..

[root@localhost local]# ls

apache2 apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mariadb mysql sbin share src

[root@localhost local]# cd mariadb/

[root@localhost mariadb]# mkdir /data/mariadb

[root@localhost mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb

[root@localhost mariadb]# echo $?

[root@localhost mariadb]# cd support-files/

[root@localhost support-files]# ls

binary-configure my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate policy wsrep_notify

magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server wsrep.cnf

[root@localhost support-files]# cp my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

[root@localhost axinlinux-01 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb

[root@localhost support-files]# vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf 需要更改data

[mysqld] 在mysqld里加

datadir = /data/mariadb 加上这一行，定义一下datadir

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[root@localhost support-files]# vim //etc/init.d/mariadb 需要改启动脚本

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb

datadir=/data/mariadb

conf=$basedir/my.cnf

可以搜一下srart.修改启动命令参数

'start')

# Start daemon

# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)

cd $basedir

echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"

if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe

then

# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script

# may be overwritten at next upgrade.

$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &

在这一行，前面加上 --defaults-file="$conf"

$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "$@" &

[root@axinlinux-01 support-files]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start

Reloading systemd: [ 确定 ]

Starting mariadb (via systemctl):

[ 确定 ]

[root@localhost support-files]# ps aux | grep mariadb

[root@localhost support-files]# netstat -ltnp

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 997/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1338/master

tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 50236/httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 997/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1338/master

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 52640/mysqld

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11.7/11.8/11.9 Apache安装

Apache是一个基金会的名字，httpd才是我们要安装的软件包，早期它的名字就叫apache

Apache官网www.apache.org 2.0以后得版本就叫httpd了，现在主流版本是2.4，这次安装的也是2.4

apr和apr-util是一个通用的函数库，它让httpd可以不关心底层的操作系统平台，可以很方便地移植（从linux移植到windows） 2.2和2.4安装不太一样，就是因为apr（依赖的软件）。centos自带的也就是我们yum安装的apr和这个2.4是不一样的并不匹配，不能使用yum安装的apr，所以要编译。要编译这面这两个包（apr和apr-util）

2.4源码包:

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz

apr:

http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

apr-util:

http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

tar zxvf httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz

tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

tar zxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.6.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1.

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

make && make install

cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.39

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most

./configure \ //这里的反斜杠是脱义字符，加上它我们可以把一行命令写成多行

--prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 \

--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \

--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \

--enable-so \ 让他支持动态扩展

--enable-mods-shared=most 指定哪些扩展的模块。为most（绝大多数）

make && make install

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start 命令直接启动。不需要命令脚本

netstat -lntp 默认监听80端口

./bin/httpd为核心

./conf/会经常打交道

./htdocs/访问页

./log/日志

ls /usr/local/apache2.4/modules 模块

/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -M //查看加载的模块

静态（static）表示这个模块被编译进了主脚本里面

动态（shared）表示扩展的模块，是一个文件是可以看到的

实例：

[root@localhost src]#

 wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]#

wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]#

wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

准备工作完成

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd apr-1.6.5/ 首先先安装apr，cd进去

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr 安装方法就是configure，并指定路径

checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.6.5
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/apr-1.6.5':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details


# See if we are running on zsh, and set the options that allow our
# commands through without removal of \ escapes INIT.
if test -n "\${ZSH_VERSION+set}"; then
   setopt NO_GLOB_SUBST
fi


    PACKAGE='$PACKAGE'
    VERSION='$VERSION'
    RM='$RM -f'    修改此处，增加-f
    ofile='$ofile'





# Commands run at the beginning of config.status:
APR_SAVE_HEADERS="include/apr.h include/arch/unix/apr_private.h"
APR_MAJOR_VERSION=$APR_MAJOR_VERSION
APR_PLATFORM=$host

for apri in \${APR_SAVE_HEADERS}; do
  test -r \${apri} && mv \${apri} \${apri}.save
done


_ACEOF

上例为出现这个报错时修改配置文件rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
编译成功

  setting EXTRA_INCLUDES to ""
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: WARNING:  'Makefile.in' seems to ignore the --datarootdir setting
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
config.status: executing default commands
config.status: include/apr.h is unchanged
config.status: include/arch/unix/apr_private.h is unchanged

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# echo $? 有报错，echo $?一下。没关系的

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install

以上apr安装完成

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# ls /usr/local/apr 看一下我们安装的apr

bin  build-1  include  lib

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]#  ls /usr/local/
apr  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  sbin  share  src

bin build-1 include lib

[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1/ 返回apr-util，准备安装apr-util

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 指定他的路径同时，还要指定他所依赖的apr （--with-apr=/usr/local/apr）

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install 阿鑫到这有报错

xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: 致命错误：expat.h：没有那个文件或目录果断百度一下。缺少 expat库。yum install -y expat-devel

#include <expat.h>

编译中断。

make[1]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 错误 1

make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1”

make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# yum install -y expat-devel 安装expat-devel库

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install 继续安装

Libraries have been installed in:
   /usr/local/apr-util/lib

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the '-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
   - add LIBDIR to the 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
     during execution
   - add LIBDIR to the 'LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
     during linking
   - use the '-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to '/etc/ld.so.conf'

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/
bin  include  lib

以上apr-util安装完成

[root@localhost src]# cd httpd-2.4.39 开始安装httpd

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most 指定httpd 指定apr 指定apr-util 指定enable 指定--enable-mods-shared

configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# echo $? 以上报错，缺少pcre库。一般是缺少什么什么库

1 非0即错

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# yum install -y pcre-devel 安装该库

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most 继续安装

config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
config.status: creating docs/conf/extra/proxy-html.conf
config.status: creating include/ap_config_layout.h
config.status: creating support/apxs
config.status: creating support/apachectl
config.status: creating support/dbmmanage
config.status: creating support/envvars-std
config.status: creating support/log_server_status
config.status: creating support/logresolve.pl
config.status: creating support/phf_abuse_log.cgi
config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:

    Server Version: 2.4.39
    Install prefix: /usr/local/apache2.4
    C compiler:     gcc -std=gnu99
    CFLAGS:          -g -O2 -pthread  
    CPPFLAGS:        -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE  
    LDFLAGS:           
    LIBS:             
    C preprocessor: gcc -E

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# echo $?

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# make && make install 报错，安装了libxml2.devel

以上httpd安装完成

Installing configuration files
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/conf
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/original
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/original/extra
Installing HTML documents
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs
Installing error documents
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/error
Installing icons
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/icons
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/logs
Installing CGIs
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/cgi-bin
Installing header files
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/include
Installing build system files
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/man
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/apache2.4/manual
make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.39”

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs  man  manual  modules

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.39]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using ::1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 mpm_event_module (static)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_core_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_core_module (shared)
 access_compat_module (shared)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 reqtimeout_module (shared)
 filter_module (shared)
 mime_module (shared)
 log_config_module (shared)
 env_module (shared)
 headers_module (shared)
 setenvif_module (shared)
 version_module (shared)
 unixd_module (shared)
 status_module (shared)
 autoindex_module (shared)
 dir_module (shared)
 alias_module (shared)

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3866192/blog/3072981