原文地址:http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/manage-memory.html
在图片缓存那节,已经介绍了关于垃圾回收和图片重用的一些问题,被推荐的策略是依赖于android的版本的BitmapFun例子就包行了如何有效的在不同android版本中展示图片。
先奠定本节课的基础,说明下如何在android中管理图片缓存:
1、在android2.2及之前的版本中,垃圾回收器要收集时,应用线程会被停止,这会导致延迟和性能降低。android2.3引入的并发式垃圾收集器,意味着如果图片不被引用将被立即回收。
2、在android2.3.3和之前的版本,返回的像素数据是存储在一个本地内存中。他是独立于位图本身的(位图本身是存储在虚拟机的堆栈中)。存储在本地内存中的像素数据不会有规律的被释放。这回导致应用可能超出他的内存限制并奔溃。从android3.0开始,像素数据存储在虚拟机的堆栈中与位图相关联。
下面将介绍如何在不同的android版本中操作图片缓存的管理。
在android2.3.3及之前管理图片缓存
在android2.3.3及之前的版本,使用recycle()是被推荐的,如果你的应用展示大量的图片,你可能会遇到内存溢出的问题。使用recycle()会使应用快速回收缓存。
使用recycle()时要确保图片对象不再被使用,他使用mDisplayRefCount和mCacheRefCount两个参数来判断图片是否在展示或是在缓存中。只有在以下条件满足时图片才会回收:
1、引用数mDisplayRefCount和mCacheRefcount为0
2、图片对象为null,还没被回收
private int mCacheRefCount = 0;
private int mDisplayRefCount = 0;
...
// Notify the drawable that the displayed state has changed.
// Keep a count to determine when the drawable is no longer displayed.
public void setIsDisplayed(boolean isDisplayed) {
synchronized (this) {
if (isDisplayed) {
mDisplayRefCount++;
mHasBeenDisplayed = true;
} else {
mDisplayRefCount--;
}
}
// Check to see if recycle() can be called.
checkState();
}
// Notify the drawable that the cache state has changed.
// Keep a count to determine when the drawable is no longer being cached.
public void setIsCached(boolean isCached) {
synchronized (this) {
if (isCached) {
mCacheRefCount++;
} else {
mCacheRefCount--;
}
}
// Check to see if recycle() can be called.
checkState();
}
private synchronized void checkState() {
// If the drawable cache and display ref counts = 0, and this drawable
// has been displayed, then recycle.
if (mCacheRefCount <= 0 && mDisplayRefCount <= 0 && mHasBeenDisplayed
&& hasValidBitmap()) {
getBitmap().recycle();
}
}
private synchronized boolean hasValidBitmap() {
Bitmap bitmap = getBitmap();
return bitmap != null && !bitmap.isRecycled();
}
在Android3.0及之后管理缓存
在android3.0包含了BitmapFactory.Options.InBitmap属性。如果设置了这个参数,解析时会试图重用以存在的缓存,这样图片缓存会被重复利用。然而使用inBitmap是有限制的。在Android4.4之前,只支持比较图片的大小。
保存一个图片为之后使用
接下来的例子将会介绍如何存储一个图片为之后使用。当应用是运行在Android3.0及之后的版本,并且图片是存储在LruCache中,那个一个软引用在HashSet的图片就有可能在之后被重用通过inBitmap参数。
Set<SoftReference<Bitmap>> mReusableBitmaps;
private LruCache<String, BitmapDrawable> mMemoryCache;
// If you're running on Honeycomb or newer, create a
// synchronized HashSet of references to reusable bitmaps.
if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {
mReusableBitmaps =
Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<SoftReference<Bitmap>>());
}
mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, BitmapDrawable>(mCacheParams.memCacheSize) {
// Notify the removed entry that is no longer being cached.
@Override
protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key,
BitmapDrawable oldValue, BitmapDrawable newValue) {
if (RecyclingBitmapDrawable.class.isInstance(oldValue)) {
// The removed entry is a recycling drawable, so notify it
// that it has been removed from the memory cache.
((RecyclingBitmapDrawable) oldValue).setIsCached(false);
} else {
// The removed entry is a standard BitmapDrawable.
if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {
// We're running on Honeycomb or later, so add the bitmap
// to a SoftReference set for possible use with inBitmap later.
mReusableBitmaps.add
(new SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue.getBitmap()));
}
}
}
....
}
使用一个已经存在的图片
public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromFile(String filename,
int reqWidth, int reqHeight, ImageCache cache) {
final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
...
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filename, options);
...
// If we're running on Honeycomb or newer, try to use inBitmap.
if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {
addInBitmapOptions(options, cache);
}
...
return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filename, options);
}
private static void addInBitmapOptions(BitmapFactory.Options options,
ImageCache cache) {
// inBitmap only works with mutable bitmaps, so force the decoder to
// return mutable bitmaps.
options.inMutable = true;
if (cache != null) {
// Try to find a bitmap to use for inBitmap.
Bitmap inBitmap = cache.getBitmapFromReusableSet(options);
if (inBitmap != null) {
// If a suitable bitmap has been found, set it as the value of
// inBitmap.
options.inBitmap = inBitmap;
}
}
}
// This method iterates through the reusable bitmaps, looking for one
// to use for inBitmap:
protected Bitmap getBitmapFromReusableSet(BitmapFactory.Options options) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
if (mReusableBitmaps != null && !mReusableBitmaps.isEmpty()) {
synchronized (mReusableBitmaps) {
final Iterator<SoftReference<Bitmap>> iterator
= mReusableBitmaps.iterator();
Bitmap item;
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
item = iterator.next().get();
if (null != item && item.isMutable()) {
// Check to see it the item can be used for inBitmap.
if (canUseForInBitmap(item, options)) {
bitmap = item;
// Remove from reusable set so it can't be used again.
iterator.remove();
break;
}
} else {
// Remove from the set if the reference has been cleared.
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
}
return bitmap;
}
static boolean canUseForInBitmap(
Bitmap candidate, BitmapFactory.Options targetOptions) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
// From Android 4.4 (KitKat) onward we can re-use if the byte size of
// the new bitmap is smaller than the reusable bitmap candidate
// allocation byte count.
int width = targetOptions.outWidth / targetOptions.inSampleSize;
int height = targetOptions.outHeight / targetOptions.inSampleSize;
int byteCount = width * height * getBytesPerPixel(candidate.getConfig());
return byteCount <= candidate.getAllocationByteCount();
}
// On earlier versions, the dimensions must match exactly and the inSampleSize must be 1
return candidate.getWidth() == targetOptions.outWidth
&& candidate.getHeight() == targetOptions.outHeight
&& targetOptions.inSampleSize == 1;
}
/**
* A helper function to return the byte usage per pixel of a bitmap based on its configuration.
*/
static int getBytesPerPixel(Config config) {
if (config == Config.ARGB_8888) {
return 4;
} else if (config == Config.RGB_565) {
return 2;
} else if (config == Config.ARGB_4444) {
return 2;
} else if (config == Config.ALPHA_8) {
return 1;
}
return 1;
}