Mac下/usr/include缺失

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-31 21:06:35 发布
原创 最新推荐文章于 2025-05-31 21:06:35 发布 · 1.4w 阅读 · 2 ·
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#mac #开发工具 #c #c++ #gcc

本文介绍了一种解决Mac OS Yosemite升级后导致的vim插件YouCompleteMe代码提示功能失效的问题。主要原因是/usr/include文件夹丢失，通过使用xcode-select工具重新安装命令行开发工具来恢复该文件夹。

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Mac升级到Yosemite后，突然发现vim的YouCompleteMe查件的代码提示不好使了，排查了一下，原来是/usr/include文件夹不见了，所有的C/C++的头文件都没了。。。

第一次发现这个问题，不知道是不是每次Mac升级都会删除/usr/include，还是只在不兼容的时候删除，很诡异。

Mac下有个专门管理开发环境的工具xcode-select，通过它可以下载命令行开发工具（包括gcc等等）。运行：

xcode-select --install

上面命令会去下载安装命令行开发工具，完成之后/usr/include就出现了。这个工具还可以用于管理XCode多版本，具体man xcode-select
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其中，前面的字符串（如sys,net）表示标准路径下的文件夹名，后面的字符串（如io.h,ethernet.h），表示在linux标准路径下的各文件夹下的头文件名，如sys文件夹下的io.h文件，即我们可以在/usr/include/sys目录下发现io.h文件。如我的/home/Desktop目录下有个头文件local1.h，在编译包含local1.h的test.c文件时，可用：gcctest.c -o test -I /root/Desktop。如果没有，也不会检索当前文件所在路径，并将报错。
In file included from /usr/include/coin/IpJournalist.hpp:15:0, from /usr/include/coin/IpIpoptApplication.hpp:26, from /usr/include/cppad/ipopt/solve_callback.hpp:16, from /usr/include/cppad/ipopt/solve.hpp:405, from /home/bt/A06_ws/src/control/include/Basic/mpc.h:3, from /home/bt/A06_ws/src/control/include/Solver/solver_mpc.h:3, from /home/bt/A06_ws/src/control/src/Solver/solver_mpc.cpp:1: /usr/include/coin/IpSmartPtr.hpp:18:4: error: #error "don't have header file for stddef" # error "don't have header file for stddef"
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比如在CMake中添加include_directories(/usr/include)之类的指令，不过通常标准路径已经自动包含，但特殊情况下可能需要手动指定。 还有可能是编译器版本或环境问题。比如某些旧版本的编译器可能对标准库的支持不...
c_cpp_properties.json内容如下： { "configurations": [ { "name": "Linux", "includePath": [ "${workspaceFolder}/**", "/usr/include/**", "/usr/local/include/**", "/usr/include/c++/9/**", "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/**" // 架构相关头文件 ], "defines": [], "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++", "cStandard": "c17", "cppStandard": "gnu++14", "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64", "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools", "browse": { "path": [ "${workspaceFolder}", "/usr/include", "/usr/local/include" ], "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true } } ], "version": 4 }，这个逻辑是否有问题，这样配置后，正确安装了C++扩展，打开cpp文件，头文件下面依然有蓝色波浪线，无法识别，且使用鼠标ctrl+点击无法跳转函数定义或者调用，这是怎么回事？如何彻底修复？
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</think>## 解决 OpenCV 编译错误：`fl_register_images()` 未定义和 Include 目录缺失 ### 问题分析 1. **`undefined reference to fl_register_images()`** FLTK 图像处理函数未链接，需要添加 `fltk_images` ...
stellaechen@STELLAECHEN-MC1 ~ % make make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. stellaechen@STELLAECHEN-MC1 ~ % cd download stellaechen@STELLAECHEN-MC1 download % cd Python-2.7.13 stellaechen@STELLAECHEN-MC1 Python-2.7.13 % make running build running build_ext building '_Qt' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13 -c /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Modules/qt/_Qtmodule.c -o build/temp.macosx-15.4-arm64-2.7/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Modules/qt/_Qtmodule.o -Wno-deprecated-declarations /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Modules/qt/_Qtmodule.c:28003:15: warning: variable 'm' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] 28003 | PyObject *m; | ^ 1 warning generated. gcc -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup build/temp.macosx-15.4-arm64-2.7/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Modules/qt/_Qtmodule.o -L/usr/local/lib -o build/lib.macosx-15.4-arm64-2.7/_Qt.so -framework QuickTime -framework Carbon ld: framework 'QuickTime' not found clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation) building '_tkinter' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -DWITH_APPINIT=1 -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Headers -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Versions/Current/PrivateHeaders -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Headers -I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/Current/PrivateHeaders -I/usr/X11R6/include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Include -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13 -c /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_tkinter.c -o build/temp.macosx-15.4-arm64-2.7/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_tkinter.o -framework Tk clang: warning: -framework Tk: 'linker' input unused [-Wunused-command-line-argument] In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_tkinter.c:71: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/tk.h:86:11: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found 86 | # include <X11/Xlib.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 error generated. building '_ctypes' extension gcc -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -I_ctypes/darwin -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Mac/Include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/powerpc -I. -IInclude -I./Include -I/usr/local/include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Include -I/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13 -c /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c -o build/temp.macosx-15.4-arm64-2.7/Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.o -DMACOSX In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:113: /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:65:3: error: "Unsupported MacOS X CPU type" 65 | # error "Unsupported MacOS X CPU type" | ^ In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:113: In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:73: /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffitarget.h:12:2: error: "Unsupported CPU type" 12 | #error "Unsupported CPU type" | ^ In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:113: In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:74: /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/fficonfig.h:51:2: error: "Unknown CPU type" 51 | #error "Unknown CPU type" | ^ In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:113: /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:171:5: error: unknown type name 'ffi_abi' 171 | ffi_abi abi; | ^ /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:193:2: error: unknown type name 'ffi_sarg' 193 | ffi_sarg sint; | ^ /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:194:2: error: unknown type name 'ffi_arg' 194 | ffi_arg uint; | ^ /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/libffi_osx/include/ffi.h:307:11: error: unknown type name 'ffi_abi' 307 | ffi_abi abi, | ^ In file included from /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c:129: /Users/stellaechen/download/Python-2.7.13/Modules/_ctypes/ctypes.h:99:5: error: unknown type name 'ffi_closure' 99 | ffi_closure *pcl_write; /* the C callable, writeable */ | ^ 8 errors generated. Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found: _bsddb _curses _curses_panel _sqlite3 _ssl bsddb185 bz2 dbm dl gdbm imageop linuxaudiodev nis ossaudiodev readline spwd sunaudiodev zlib To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name. Failed to build these modules: _ctypes _Qt _tkinter running build_scripts stellaechen@STELLAECHEN-MC1 Python-2.7.13 %
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