就这个经典的HelloWorld示例,学习Ajax的交互模式。
还是从如何创建HelloWorld说起吧:
1、创建 XmlHttpRequest 对象
function createXmlHttpRequestObject() {
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
return new XMLHttpRequest(); //Not IE
}
else if(window.ActiveXObject) {
return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); //IE
}
else {
//Display your error message here.
//and inform the user they might want to upgrade
//their browser.
alert("Your browser doesn't support the XmlHttpRequest object. Better upgrade to Firefox.");
}
}

var receiveReq = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
function
sayHello()
{
//4表示请求完成,0表示未初始化;(点击按钮会初始化一个发到服务器的异步请求3333)

if (receiveReq.readyState == 4 || receiveReq.readyState == 0)
{
//建立对服务器的调用,call to SayHello.html(555)
receiveReq.open("GET", 'simpleResponse.xml', true);
//每个改变时都会触发这个事件处理器,通常会调用一0个javascript函数!(666) Set the function that will be called when the XmlHttpRequest objects state changes.
receiveReq.onreadystatechange = CallBack;
//向服务器发送请求
receiveReq.send(null);
}
}
function
CallBack()
{
//Check to see if the XmlHttpRequests state is finished.

if (receiveReq.readyState == 4)
{
//Set the contents of our span element to the result of the asyncronous call.
//document.getElementById('span_result').innerHTML = receiveReq.responseText;
alert("The
"+receiveReq.responseText);

}
}
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
The Hello World of AJAX
</
title
>

<
script
language
="JavaScript"
type
="text/javascript"
>
//创建 XmlHttpRequest 对象

function createXmlHttpRequestObject()
{

if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
return new XMLHttpRequest(); //Not IE
}

else if(window.ActiveXObject)
{
return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); //IE
}

else
{
//Display your error message here.
//and inform the user they might want to upgrade
//their browser.
alert("Your browser doesn't support the XmlHttpRequest object. Better upgrade to Firefox.");
}
}

var receiveReq = createXmlHttpRequestObject();
//Initiate the asyncronous request.初始化异步请求。
//点击按钮会初始化一个发到服务器的异步请求
//服务器将发回一个简单的静态文本作为响应

function sayHello()
{
//4表示请求完成,0表示未初始化;(点击按钮会初始化一个发到服务器的异步请求(示意图中第3步)

if (receiveReq.readyState == 4 || receiveReq.readyState == 0)
{
//建立对服务器的调用,call to SayHello.html (示意图中第5步)
receiveReq.open("GET", 'simpleResponse.xml', true);
//每个改变时都会触发这个事件处理器,通常会调用一0个javascript函数!(示意图中第6步)
//Set the function that will be called when the XmlHttpRequest objects state changes.
receiveReq.onreadystatechange = CallBack;
//向服务器发送请求
receiveReq.send(null);
}
}
//Called every time our XmlHttpRequest objects state changes.
//handleStateChange回调函数,这个函数会检查XmlHttpRequest对象的readyState属性,
//然后查看服务器返回的状态码,如果一切正常,handleStateChange就会在客户端上做些有意思的工作
//CallBack()

function CallBack()
{
//Check to see if the XmlHttpRequests state is finished.

if (receiveReq.readyState == 4)
{
//Set the contents of our span element to the result of the asyncronous call.
//document.getElementById('span_result').innerHTML = receiveReq.responseText;
alert("The
"+receiveReq.responseText);

}
}
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
a
href
="javascript:sayHello();"
>
Say Hello
</
a
><
br
/>
<!--
<span id="span_result"></span>
-->
</
body
>
</
html
>
还是从如何创建HelloWorld说起吧:
1、创建 XmlHttpRequest 对象
















2、初始化异步请求,XmlHttpRequest对象如何做“中转站”的工作,就在这里体现:
先获取个客户端事件信号,再把它传给服务器;
服务器根据readyState属性的变化情况回馈给XmlHttpRequest对象;(建立对服务器的调用,open())
XmlHttpRequest对象根据回馈,CallBack()函数就会在客户端上做些有意思的工作。















2.2 CallBack()函数:














3、示意图:
4、完整代码(HelloWorld.HTML):

















































//Set the function that will be called when the XmlHttpRequest objects state changes.
































5、参考:《Ajax基础教程》