关于NSAttributedString

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-18 10:40:18 发布

Yancey_Chan

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-18 10:40:18 发布

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分类专栏： NSString 文章标签： NSAttribut

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/chenysh521/article/details/47293041

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本文详细介绍了如何使用NSAttributedString在iOS应用中定制文本样式，包括字体、颜色、背景、下划线、删除线等21个属性的设置，通过实例演示了如何在不同场景下灵活运用这些属性。

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最开始接触到AttributedString是在IB中对Label、Textfield中的Text选择有Plain和Attributed2种选择，当时也没有怎么留意。
这里写图片描述

直到后面做项目的时候，需要将几个Label的前面加上一个橙色的‘*’以显示为必填项，想过在各个Label前面都加多一个Label，Label就显示一个星号，但是程序员都有一颗懒惰的心，一次次在XIB文件中加Label实在太辛苦了，所以，就研究起了如何用Label的NSAttributedString来完成加星号的功能。

很多一开始看上去觉得很复杂的东西，其实研究下去了，也不过是那么回事。当初觉得NSAttributedString很复杂，所以只是简单的改变了String的颜色而已，不敢再深入探究下去，这几天产品上线，下一期需求还没出来，空闲几天，就把NSAttributedString又翻出来，写下总结，以防后用。

NSAttributedString有21个属性可以设置。所有需要设置的属性放进一个字典里。

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [self p_attributeString:@"Test String \nabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n 0123456789"];
}

以下在
- (void)p_attributeString:(NSString *)string
中实现

NSFontAttributeName

字体大小、字体Style

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28]};
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18]};
    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:string];
    [attributedString setAttributes:attributeStringDic1 range:NSMakeRange(0, [string length] - 37)];
    [attributedString setAttributes:attributeStringDic2 range:NSMakeRange(12, [string length] - 12)];
    self.attributeStringLabel.attributedText = attributedString;

NSParagraphStyleAttributeName

 段落格式（首行缩进、行首行尾缩进等）
 首行缩进100，其他行缩进50：

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28]};
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSParagraphStyleAttributeName: paragraphStyle
                                          };

NSForegroundColorAttributeName

 字体颜色

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor]
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor]
                                          };

NSBackgroundColorAttributeName

 背景颜色

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor]
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor]
                                          };

NSLigatureAttributeName

(NSNumber containing integer, default 1: default ligatures, 0: no ligatures)
 连写字符设置，默认为1 有连写字符。设置为0则为无连写字符。（1、0都是NSNumber）

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *dic = @{NSLigatureAttributeName: @1,
                          NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:"futura" size:38]};

NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:string attributes:dic];

NSKernAttributeName

 字符间隔（NSNumber containing floating point value）
取值为 NSNumber 对象（整数），正值间距加宽，负值间距变窄

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @-5};

NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName

删除线 （NSNumber  删除线的宽度）
可以用枚举NSUnderlineStyle中的值，@（NSUnderlineStyelXXXXX）。
// NSUnderlineStyleNone   不设置删除线  
// NSUnderlineStyleSingle 设置删除线为细单实线  
// NSUnderlineStyleThick  设置删除线为粗单实线  
// NSUnderlineStyleDouble 设置删除线为细双实线

也可以用NSNumber，其中1-7为单实线，9-15为双实线，数字越大线越粗。0、8、16、24都是没有线，之后重新按1-7、9-15这样循环下去。也就是17和1的显示结果是一样的。

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleThick)
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @0,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @9
                                          };

NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName

 删除线颜色

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @17,
                                          NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor]

                                          };
 NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
                                          NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor]
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @0,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @1,
                                          NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor brownColor]
                                          };

NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName

下划线 （NSNumber  下划线线的宽度）下划线和删除线是类似的

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSStrikethroughStyleAttributeName: @17,
                                          NSStrikethroughColorAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor],
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @5
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle)
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @0,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble)
                                          };

NSUnderlineColorAttributeName

 下划线颜色

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor]
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor]
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @0,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble),
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor colorWithRed:0.3 green:0.4 blue:0.5 alpha:1.0]
                                          };

NSStrokeWidthAttributeName

描边线宽度 (正数时不显示字体颜色，负数时显示字体颜色  需要跟NSStrokeColorAttributeName一起使用)
负值填充效果，正值中空效果，数字绝对值越大线越粗

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @5,
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor whiteColor],
                                          NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @1,
                                          };
    NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @10,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleSingle),
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @6,
                                          };
    NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:24],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSKernAttributeName: @0,
                                          NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlineStyleDouble),
                                          NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor colorWithRed:0.3 green:0.4 blue:0.5 alpha:1.0],
                                          NSStrokeWidthAttributeName: @-10,
                                          };

NSStrokeColorAttributeName

描边线颜色
不用NSStrokeColorAttributeName设置时，貌似是默认字体颜色代替，设置之后，就用设置的颜色描边了。

这里写图片描述

NSShadowAttributeName

 阴影设置 （NSShadow）有背景颜色时，阴影显示在背景颜色的下面，被遮挡。

这里写图片描述

//阴影 3个属性：shadowOffset 偏移量，shadowColor 颜色， shadowBlurRadius 模糊半径
    NSShadow *shadow1 = [[NSShadow alloc]init];
    shadow1.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(3, 3);

    NSShadow *shadow2 = [[NSShadow alloc]init];
    shadow2.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(-2, -4);
    shadow2.shadowColor = [UIColor redColor];
    shadow2.shadowBlurRadius = 0.5;

    NSShadow *shadow3 = [[NSShadow alloc]init];
    shadow3.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(-2, 4);
    shadow3.shadowColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.6 green:0.1 blue:0.4 alpha:0.5];
    shadow3.shadowBlurRadius = 5;

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSShadowAttributeName: shadow1,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSShadowAttributeName: shadow2,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:48],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSShadowAttributeName: shadow3,
                                          };

NSTextEffectAttributeName

 设置文本特殊效果，取值为 NSString 对象，目前只有图版印刷效果可用NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle凸版印刷效果，7.0以上适用.
 白色背景色时较难看出。如第三个显示就难看看出效果

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSTextEffectAttributeName: NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSTextEffectAttributeName: NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial-ItalicMT" size:48],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSTextEffectAttributeName: NSTextEffectLetterpressStyle,
                                          };

NSAttachmentAttributeName

  设置文本附件,取值为NSTextAttachment对象,常用于文字图片混排

这里写图片描述

//设置文本附件，取值为NSTextAttachenment
    NSTextAttachment *textAttachment1 = [[NSTextAttachment alloc]init];
    textAttachment1.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"lufy.jpg"];
    textAttachment1.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, 30, 30);

    NSAttributedString *attachmentStr = [NSAttributedString attributedStringWithAttachment:textAttachment1];
    [attributedString insertAttributedString:attachmentStr atIndex:2];

    self.attributeStringLabel.attributedText = attributedString;

NSLinkAttributeName

链接属性（点击跳转）UILabel和UITextField 中无法跳转，只能在TextView中可以跳转

在viewDidLoad中设置

self.textview.delegate = self;
self.textview.editable = NO;
self.textview.dataDetectorTypes = UIDataDetectorTypeLink;

在方法中写入：

NSMutableAttributedString *textViewString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"This is a link: www.baidu.com"];
NSString *linkStr = @"www.baidu.com";

NSDictionary *dic = @{NSLinkAttributeName: [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.baidu.com"]};

[textViewString setAttributes:dic range:[[textViewString string] rangeOfString:linkStr]];

[attributedString setAttributes:dic range:NSMakeRange(0, 10)];

self.textview.attributedText = textViewString;

这里写图片描述
点击后跳转到safari

同时调用代理方法：

- (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldInteractWithURL:(NSURL *)URL inRange:(NSRange)characterRange NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0)；

NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName

 设置基线偏移值，取值为 NSNumber （float）,正值上偏，负值下偏

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName: @10
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor yellowColor],
                                          NSBaselineOffsetAttributeName: @-10,
                                          };

NSObliquenessAttributeName

 设置字形倾斜度，取值为 NSNumber （float）,正值右倾，负值左倾

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSObliquenessAttributeName: @2,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSObliquenessAttributeName: @1,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor yellowColor],
                                          NSObliquenessAttributeName: @(-.2)
                                          };

NSExpansionAttributeName

 设置文本横向拉伸属性，取值为 NSNumber （float）,正值横向拉伸文本，负值横向压缩文本

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSExpansionAttributeName: @0.8,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSExpansionAttributeName: @0,
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor yellowColor],
                                          NSExpansionAttributeName: @-0.5,
                                          };

NSWritingDirectionAttributeName

 设置文字书写方向，从左向右书写或者从右向左书写

这里写图片描述

NSDictionary *attributeStringDic1 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:34],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
                                          NSWritingDirectionAttributeName: @[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft|NSWritingDirectionOverride)],
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic2 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:34],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor orangeColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
                                          NSWritingDirectionAttributeName: @[@(NSWritingDirectionRightToLeft|NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)],
                                          };
NSDictionary *attributeStringDic3 = @{NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:34],
                                          NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor purpleColor],
                                          NSBackgroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor yellowColor],
                                          NSWritingDirectionAttributeName: @[@(NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight|NSWritingDirectionEmbedding)],
                                          };

NSVerticalGlyphFormAttributeName

横竖排版（NSNumber）  0为横排  1为竖排
Currently on iOS, it's always horizontal