Android emulator

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本文详细介绍了通过Android SDK和源代码构建两种方式搭建Android模拟器的过程。提供了如何配置环境变量、选择目标平台、创建和运行模拟器实例的具体步骤，并附带了删除模拟器的方法。

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使用 Android emulator 有两种方式，1) Android SDK , 2) 自己 repo sync Android 源代码，编译，运行 emulator.

1). SDK emulator

a). 将一下路径加入到环境变量：

< android-sdk-linux >/tools

这是为了使用 android 和 emulator 这两个可执行文件，分别用于创建 emulator 和运行。

b). $ android list targets 列出所有可用的targets

android-sdk-linux$ android list targets
Available Android targets:
----------
id: 1 or "android-3"
     Name: Android 1.5
     Type: Platform
     API level: 3
     Revision: 4
     Skins: HVGA (default), QVGA-L, QVGA-P, HVGA-P, HVGA-L
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 2 or "android-4"
     Name: Android 1.6
     Type: Platform
     API level: 4
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WVGA854, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 3 or "android-7"
     Name: Android 2.1
     Type: Platform
     API level: 7
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WVGA854, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 4 or "android-8"
     Name: Android 2.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 8
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WVGA854, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 5 or "android-10"
     Name: Android 2.3.3
     Type: Platform
     API level: 10
     Revision: 2
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WVGA854, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi, x86
----------
id: 6 or "android-11"
     Name: Android 3.0
     Type: Platform
     API level: 11
     Revision: 2
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 7 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:11"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 1
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 3.0 (API level 11)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 8 or "android-12"
     Name: Android 3.1
     Type: Platform
     API level: 12
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 9 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:12"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 1
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 3.1 (API level 12)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 10 or "Google Inc.:Google TV Addon:12"
     Name: Google TV Addon
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Based on Android 3.1 (API level 12)
     Skins: WXGA, 1080p-overscan, 1080p, 720p-overscan, 720p (default)
     ABIs : x86
----------
id: 11 or "android-13"
     Name: Android 3.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 13
     Revision: 1
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 12 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:13"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 1
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 3.2 (API level 13)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WXGA (default)
     ABIs : armeabi
----------
id: 13 or "Google Inc.:Google TV Addon:13"
     Name: Google TV Addon
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 1
     Based on Android 3.2 (API level 13)
     Skins: WXGA, 1080p-overscan, 1080p, 720p-overscan, 720p (default)
     ABIs : x86
----------
id: 14 or "android-14"
     Name: Android 4.0
     Type: Platform
     API level: 14
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WXGA720, WVGA854, WSVGA, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, WXGA800, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 15 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:14"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.0 (API level 14)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WQVGA400, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, QVGA, WVGA800 (default), WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 16 or "android-15"
     Name: Android 4.0.3
     Type: Platform
     API level: 15
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WXGA720, WVGA854, WSVGA, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, WXGA800, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a, mips, x86
----------
id: 17 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:15"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.0.3 (API level 15)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WQVGA400, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, QVGA, WVGA800 (default), WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 18 or "android-16"
     Name: Android 4.1.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 16
     Revision: 4
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WXGA720, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, WXGA800, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a, mips, x86
----------
id: 19 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:16"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 3
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.1.2 (API level 16)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WQVGA400, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, QVGA, WVGA800 (default), WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 20 or "android-17"
     Name: Android 4.2.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 17
     Revision: 2
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), HVGA, WXGA720, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WQVGA432, WQVGA400, WXGA800, QVGA
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a, mips, x86
----------
id: 21 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:17"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 3
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 4.2.2 (API level 17)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WQVGA400, WVGA854, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA720, HVGA, WQVGA432, QVGA, WVGA800 (default), WXGA800
     ABIs : armeabi-v7a

这一步主要是获得 target id

c).$ android create avd -n android-arm-emulator -t 21 创建 emulator

android-sdk-linux$ android create avd -n android-arm-emulator -t 21
Auto-selecting single ABI armeabi-v7a
Created AVD 'android-arm-emulator' based on Google APIs (Google Inc.), ARM (armeabi-v7a) processor,
with the following hardware config:
hw.lcd.density=240
vm.heapSize=48
hw.ramSize=512

创建好的emulator 位于~/.android 路径下面。

d). 运行 emulator

android-sdk-linux$ emulator -avd android-arm-emulator

e). $ android delete avd -n android-arm-emulator 删除 emulator

android-sdk-linux$ android delete avd -n android-arm-emulator
Deleting file /home/qiang/.android/avd/android-arm-emulator.ini
Deleting folder /home/qiang/.android/avd/android-arm-emulator.avd

AVD 'android-arm-emulator' deleted.

参考Android 官方Guide：

http://developer.android.com/tools/devices/managing-avds-cmdline.html

http://developer.android.com/tools/devices/emulator.html

2). 使用 source build emulator

a). 编译 emulator generic

$ . build/envsetup.sh && lunch full-eng && make -j 4

如果刚刚编译完，可以直接在编译的那个shell 中直接执行 $ emulator 运行 emulator

当然你不可能每次为了运行个emulator 都编译代码，所以可以按照下面的操作运行

b). $ . build/envsetup.sh && lunch full-eng && emulator

如果想自己指定 system.img/userdata.img/ramdisk.img/kernel-qemu, etc 可以使用下面的命令：

$ . build/envsetup.sh && lunch full-eng && emulator -sysdir out/target/product/generic/ -system out/target/product/generic/system.img -ramdisk out/target/product/generic/ramdisk.img -data out/target/product/generic/userdata.img -kernel prebuilts/qemu-kernel/arm/kernel-qemu-armv7 -memory 512

参考 Android emulator help 信息：

$ emulator -help-build-images |less

$ emulator -help-build-images

  The emulator detects that you are working from the Android build system
  by looking at the ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT variable in your environment.

  If it is defined, it should point to the product-specific directory that
  contains the generated system images.
  In this case, the emulator will look by default for the following image
  files there:

    - system.img   : the *initial* system image.
    - ramdisk.img  : the ramdisk image used to boot the system.
    - userdata.img : the *initial* user data image (see below).
    - kernel-qemu  : the emulator-specific Linux kernel image.

  If the kernel image is not found in the out directory, then it is searched
  in <build-root>/prebuilts/qemu-kernel/.

  Skins will be looked in <build-root>/development/tools/emulator/skins/

  You can use the -sysdir, -system, -kernel, -ramdisk, -datadir, -data options
  to specify different search directories or specific image files. You can
  also use the -cache and -sdcard options to indicate specific cache partition
  and SD Card image files.

  For more details, see the corresponding -help-<option> section.

  Note that the following behaviour is specific to 'build mode':

  - the *initial* system image is copied to a temporary file which is
    automatically removed when the emulator exits. There is thus no way to
    make persistent changes to this image through the emulator, even if
    you use the '-image <file>' option.

  - unless you use the '-cache <file>' option, the cache partition image
    is backed by a temporary file that is initially empty and destroyed on
    program exit.

  SPECIAL NOTE: If you are using the emulator with the Android SDK, the
  information above doesn't apply. See -help-sdk-images for more details.

emulator 默认是 arm 模拟器，如果自己编译 linux kernel 的话，需要

$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/goldfish.git