本文载自http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jltxgcy/article/details/35566521
从Java 强引用,软引用,弱引用http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/jltxgcy/article/details/35558465一文中,我们看到把一个对象赋值给另一个对象,本质上是增加了引用计数,但是它们都指向同样的堆内存,它们是一个对象。如果我们想要一个独立的对象,改怎么办呢?答案是clone。
1、浅拷贝
浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。
ShallowCopy.java
- class Professor0 implements Cloneable {
- String name;
- int age;
- Professor0(String name, int age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
- public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
- return super.clone();
- }
- }
- class Student0 implements Cloneable {
- String name;// 常量对象。
- int age;
- Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
- Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.p = p;
- }
- public Object clone() {
- Student0 o = null;
- try {
- o = (Student0) super.clone();
- } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
- System.out.println(e.toString());
- }
- return o;
- }
- }
- public class ShallowCopy {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);
- Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);
- Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
- s2.p.name = "lisi";
- s2.p.age = 30;
- s2.name = "z";
- s2.age = 45;
- System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授
- }
- }
结果:
s2.p改变了s1.p的内容。而s2.name和s2.age没有改变s1.name和s1.age的内容。
2、深拷贝
深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。
- class Professor implements Cloneable {
- String name;
- int age;
- Professor(String name, int age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
- public Object clone() {
- Object o = null;
- try {
- o = super.clone();
- } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
- System.out.println(e.toString());
- }
- return o;
- }
- }
- class Student implements Cloneable {
- String name;
- int age;
- Professor p;
- Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.p = p;
- }
- public Object clone() {
- Student o = null;
- try {
- o = (Student) super.clone();
- } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
- System.out.println(e.toString());
- }
- o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
- return o;
- }
- }
- public class DeepCopy {
- public static void main(String args[]) {
- long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
- Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);
- Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);
- Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
- s2.p.name = "lisi";
- s2.p.age = 30;
- System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。
- long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println(t2-t1);//耗时
- }
- }
结果:
s2.p不能改变s1.p的内容。因为是不同对象。
3、当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:
但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。
DeepCopy2.java
- import java.io.*;
- //Serialization is time-consuming
- class Professor2 implements Serializable {
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- String name;
- int age;
- Professor2(String name, int age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
- }
- class Student2 implements Serializable {
- /**
- *
- */
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- String name;// 常量对象。
- int age;
- Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
- Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.p = p;
- }
- public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,
- ClassNotFoundException {
- // 将对象写到流里
- ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
- oo.writeObject(this);
- // 从流里读出来
- ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
- ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
- return (oi.readObject());
- }
- }
- public class DeepCopy2 {
- /**
- * @param args
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,
- IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
- long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
- Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);
- Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);
- Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
- s2.p.name = "lisi";
- s2.p.age = 30;
- System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。
- long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
- System.out.println(t2-t1);//耗时
- }
- }
结果:
s2.p不能改变s1.p的内容。因为是不同对象。
从图中也能看出将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。