Service的启动方式有两种,一种是通过start方式,一种是通过bind方式,通过start方式启动服务后,启动服务的组件和服务便没有多大联系了。所以为了能和Service通信,只能通过bind的方式。下面分几步介绍下:(demo里面的Service提供一个下载的功能,然后在Activity中决定何时开始下载,以及随时查看下载进度)
第一步:
在Service类中创建一个内部类继承自Binder(onBind方法返回IBinder接口,Binder类是IBinder接口的实现类)(看到这里还实现了一个接口,并实现了接口里的方法,还提供了一个额外的方法,这个额外的方法不希望Activity访问到,所以这里我们通过接口的方式):
//1.
private class DownloadBinder extends Binder implements DownloadBinderImpl{
@Override
public void startDownload() {
Log.i(TAG, "startDownload");
}
@Override
public int getProgress() {
Log.i(TAG, "getProgress");
return 0;
}
public void Inner(){
Log.i(TAG, "我不希望Activity使用我");
}
}
第二步:上面提到的接口:
package com.dystu.servicedemo;
public interface DownloadBinderImpl {
public void startDownload();
public int getProgress();
}
第三步:在Service的onBind()方法里面返回DownloadBinder实例:
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
return new DownloadBinder();
}
第四步:在Activity中绑定服务:
public void bind(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
第五步:创建
ServiceConnection 匿名内部类,实现了onServiceConnected和onServiceDisconnected方法,这两个方法会在服务成功绑定和解除绑定的时候调用。
private class MyConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
dbi = (DownloadBinderImpl) service;
Log.i(TAG, "成功绑定服务----onServiceConnected执行了");
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.i(TAG, "解除绑定服务----onServiceDisconnected执行了");
}
}
第六步:
调用服务的方法:
public void call(View view) {
if (dbi != null) {
dbi.startDownload();
dbi.getProgress();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "请先绑定服务", 0).show();
}
}
也可在onServiceConnected中执行。
实现的效果:
点击bind:
点击call:
点击unbind:
完整的代码:
接口:
package com.dystu.servicedemo;
public interface DownloadBinderImpl {
public void startDownload();
public int getProgress();
}
服务:
package com.dystu.servicedemo;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "MyService";
// 2.
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
return new DownloadBinder();
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
}
//1.
private class DownloadBinder extends Binder implements DownloadBinderImpl{
@Override
public void startDownload() {
Log.i(TAG, "startDownload");
}
@Override
public int getProgress() {
Log.i(TAG, "getProgress");
return 0;
}
public void Inner(){
Log.i(TAG, "我不希望Activity使用我");
}
}
}
主界面布局:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:onClick="bind"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="bind" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn2"
android:layout_below="@id/btn1"
android:onClick="unbind"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="unbind" />
<Button
android:layout_below="@id/btn2"
android:onClick="call"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="call" />
</RelativeLayout>
MainActivity:
package com.dystu.servicedemo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
private MyConn conn;
DownloadBinderImpl dbi;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
conn = new MyConn();
}
// 3.
public void bind(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
public void unbind(View view) {
unbindService(conn);
dbi = null;
}
public void call(View view) {
if (dbi != null) {
dbi.startDownload();
dbi.getProgress();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "请先绑定服务", 0).show();
}
}
// 4.
private class MyConn implements ServiceConnection {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
dbi = (DownloadBinderImpl) service;
Log.i(TAG, "成功绑定服务----onServiceConnected执行了");
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.i(TAG, "解除绑定服务----onServiceDisconnected执行了");
}
}
}
PS:
类ServiceConnection中的onServiceDisconnected()方法在正常情况下是不被调用的,它的调用时机是当Service服务被异外销毁时,例如内存的资源不足时这个方法才被自动调用。